industry insights

The construction industry is changing, due to 3D printing making it cheaper and faster to construct buildings and other structures.

According to Grand View Research, the North American market for 3D printed construction is projected to reach $816.8 million by 2030, with a 104.4% annual growth rate from 2025 to 2030.

According to the report, 3D printing in construction expedites the prefabrication of building components and production of  infrastructure such as modular housing, advanced utility systems, and adaptable public spaces. Construction companies, architects, and developers are recognizing the benefits of integrating 3D printing into their workflows. By experimenting with new design methodologies and leveraging the flexibility of 3D printing, AEC professionals are able to differentiate themselves in a competitive market.

What are the Benefits of 3D Printing in Construction?

3D printing creates three-dimensional objects, and this advanced printing method is used in many sectors around the world due to its versatility and speed of production and prototyping of any object. 3D printing is a construction technique that uses digital models to create objects layer by layer. It can be used to prefabricate entire buildings, components, and infrastructure. This technology offers advantages such as lower material waste, faster construction times, and the ability to produce complex architectural designs with intricate details.

3D printing has greatly increased construction productivity, reduced manual labor dependency, and offered architects greater flexibility in designing projects. It offers several benefits, including reduced material waste, faster construction times, and lower labor costs. 3D printing is used to build houses, bridges, and even commercial buildings, making construction more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective.

What Materials are Used for 3D Printing in Construction?

3D printing in construction uses a variety of materials, including concrete, mortar, plastic, metal, and local natural materials, such as mud and even waste from rice production. The material chosen depends on the project. 3D printing in construction uses a layer-by-layer deposition of materials to prefabricate structures or components. Concrete and mortar are the most used materials for 3D construction.

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What is 3D Concrete Printing?

3D concrete printing technology uses large-scale printers to layer concrete or similar building materials to create structures. 3D concrete printing is a manufacturing approach where concrete or cement is printed using a special type of mortar that forms a monolithic structure without the use of traditional formwork. A monolithic structure is a building or object that is constructed from a single, solid piece of material. This process is guided by computer-aided design (CAD) models, allowing for precise, automated construction with minimal waste.

How does 3D Concrete Printing Work?

A 3D concrete printer can print out an object using different methods, depending on the materials and type of printer used. The nozzle in a 3D concrete printer is the most important component that dispenses the mortar used for the printing. The 3D concrete printer’s method is similar to traditional 2D inkjet printing. A layering method is used to create the object. Working from the bottom-up, the 3D printer piles on the concrete layer by layer till the object is completely built. This 3D-printed object is then checked and tested before use. Cement equipment and materials must all work together to achieve a successful print.  There are numerous types of mixers, pumps, and robotics on the market.

What is the 3D Concrete Printing Process?

Design & Modeling: A digital 3D model of the structure is created using BIM (Building Information Modeling) or CAD software, such as Sketchup, TinkerCAD, or Fusion360. Complex construction components undergo simulation testing to identify and resolve potential structural issues before printing.

Slicing: Next, the 3D model is broken down into many layers with a slicing software such as Astroprint. This slicing process must take place because the 3D printer cannot conceptualize a 3D BIM model. The slicing software also tells the printer where to fill the lattices and add support columns for extra stability. After the 3D model is fully sliced, each layer of the model is scanned and the data is sent to the 3D printer.

Printer Setup: The 3D concrete printer is prepared, including loading the mortar and verifying system functionality. Calibration ensures accurate layer deposition before initiating the printing process.

Printing: A 3D concrete printer acts the same way as a traditional inkjet printer. Its nozzle moves up and down as well as back and forth to dispense the mortar. The old layer of mortar is dried before the printer continues to repeat the process on a new layer. It will essentially add thousands of layers on top of one another to create the 3D object.

Quality Inspection: The completed structure is evaluated for defects, ensuring structural integrity and adherence to design specifications before being approved for use.
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What Type of Objects Can Be 3D Printed?

The possibilities are endless when it comes to 3D concrete printing. The technology allows for the prefabrication of custom objects not feasible with traditional concrete casting methods. They can be smaller components like building components, façade elements, architectural walls, stairs, or large-scale, fully-printed modular buildings and civil infrastructure.

Architectural Concrete Can Be Used for All Types of Structures

• Commercial Buildings: Parking garages, internal and external architectural elements, facades
• Residential Buildings: Driveways, sidewalks, internal and external architectural elements, facades, balconies
• Academic Buildings: Parking garages, sidewalks, internal and external architectural elements, facades,
• Transportation and Infrastructure: Roads, bridges, tunnels, airports
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Examples of 3D Concrete Printing in Construction

Walmart Supercenter in Athens, Tennessee

Walmart partnered with Colorado-based Alquist 3D to construct an 8,000-square-foot, 20-foot-high expansion at its Athens, Tennessee retail store, marking its first large-scale use of 3D printed concrete. This addition, designed to expand online pickup and delivery space, is among the largest freestanding 3D printed commercial concrete structures in the U.S.

According to a September 10, 2024 news release, Walmart claims its decision to use 3D construction printing in this expansion aligns with its broader goals of becoming more environmentally friendly, leveraging cutting-edge technology to attract customers and accelerating the construction process.

Printed Farms Luxury Equestrian Facility in Florida

Called the world’s largest 3D-printed building, the 10,105-square foot equestrian facility was reportedly built at a cost of $3.3 million on a 5-acre property that is owned by Wendy Dixon of Nantucket Sport Horses.

According to a COBOD press release, the luxury barn, which is concrete-based and “designed to endure the extreme weather challenges of the hurricane-prone region,” is “almost 50% larger than the previous record-holder in the Middle East.”

Wapakoneta, Ohio Home

Sustainable Concrete Innovations built the state's first 3D-printed home. The home was made with a concrete mixture that makes it resistant to fires and tornadoes.

“Due to the housing shortage, home values in the Columbus area increased by an average of nearly 40 percent in 2023. Now instead of having a crew of four to six guys to build a house, two guys are printing the home," said owner John Smoll, Sustainable Concrete Innovations.

Miami Florida Seawall

Miami-based KindDesigns used a CyBe RC to print concrete seawalls that protect the shores from flooding and sea-level rise. The CyBe RC (Robot Crawler) is a mobile 3D printer that can transport to any location and maneuver over any terrain. The seawall was produced in large sections, with the crawler’s robot arm sculpting a 10-foot long segment out of concrete in just an hour.

It’s faster, less expensive and green – its a win, win, win,” said Patrick Murphy, a former Florida congressman and general contractor with Coastal Construction.  “If we’re going to be serious about climate change, which is something I’m passionate about, the construction industry is a big piece of that that flies under the radar.”

3D Printing is Transforming the Construction Industry

3D printing is transforming the construction industry by offering faster, cost-effective, and sustainable building solutions. Using concrete, mortar, and other materials, 3D printing enables the efficient production of modular homes, commercial buildings, infrastructure, and architectural elements with minimal waste and labor.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How can a 3D BIM model be used to create 3D printing in construction?

A 3D BIM (Building Information Modeling) model serves as the digital blueprint for 3D printing in construction, enabling precise and automated fabrication of structures. By integrating BIM with 3D printing, architects, engineers and construction professionals achieve greater accuracy, reduced material waste, and enhanced project efficiency, streamlining the entire design-to-construction workflow.

How can I do feasibility studies to compare 3D concrete printing to traditional construction methods for my project?

Costs associated with 3D concrete printing are best discussed with equipment suppliers. The cost of traditional construction methods very much depends on the costs of materials and labor in your geographical area. A local general contractor can possibly assist you to make the comparison.

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The Common Ground Alliance (CGA) has introduced a new tool they say will help the damage prevention industry’s ongoing efforts to enhance excavation safety.

The CGA Index, introduced in the CGA’s 2023 DIRT Report and Interactive Dashboard, is meant to serve as a benchmarking tool for year-over-year progress in U.S. damage prevention.

This new model was developed in partnership with Virginia-based market researcher, Hanover Research, and employs a methodology that models annual damages and tracks progress toward the CGA’s 50-in-5 initiative, which was unveiled in February 2023 and challenged the damage prevention industry to cut damages to critical underground utilities in half by 2028.

The Index score for 2023 was 94, which represents a six-point reduction in damages from the CGA’s 2022 baseline of 100. But in her customary introductory letter in the report, CGA President & CEO Sarah K. Magruder Lyle wrote that while encouraging, this initial decline also “underscores the considerable work ahead to reach our goal of reducing damages by 50% over five years.”

“The Index will be instrumental in establishing new areas of damage analysis, measuring progress and focusing our work in the coming years,” she said.

The 2023 DIRT Report data revealed that the top six damage root causes remain consistent and accounted for 76% of incidents for the third consecutive year. These causes include:

• Failure to notify 811
• Excavator failed to maintain clearance
• Facility not marked due to locator error
• Improper excavation practice not listed elsewhere
• Marked inaccurately due to locator error
• Excavator dug prior to verifying marks by potholing

Additionally, the Report found that excavators in 2023 faced 50/50 odds as to whether they were able to begin work on time.

“This hampers efficiency, erodes trust in the entire 811 system and puts lives at risk,” Magruder Lyle wrote. “Addressing this challenge head-on must be a priority for every stakeholder in the coming year.”

Other highlights of the 2023 data:

• Trends including facilities damaged and the type of work causing damages remained consistent with 2022. Telecommunications facilities accounted for nearly half of reported damages, followed by natural gas at about 40%.
• The 2023 DIRT Report separates the previously combined “energy” work type into distinct natural gas and electric categories, which revealed that water/sewer work emerged as the top contributor to damages, followed by telecom and construction/development.
• Excavation/construction stakeholders remained the top source of damage reports for the second consecutive year.

“As we look ahead, the urgency of our mission is clear,” Magruder Lyle wrote. “The continued increase in excavation activities driven by federal and state infrastructure investments present both obstacles and opportunities. It is pushing the limits of our current systems, and also providing us with a chance to demonstrate the transformative power of data-driven decision-making and cross-industry collaboration.

“I challenge each of you to see yourself not just as a stakeholder, but as a change agent in this critical mission,” she continued. “Commit to helping us move closer to our 50-in-5 goal by improving your organization’s data quality, developing targeted programs to reduce top damage drivers, forging deeper collaborations across stakeholder groups, participating in the DPI and being an innovator.”

How GPRS Helps You Prevent Subsurface Damage

The best way to mitigate the risk of subsurface damage on your next excavation project is by following the law and notifying 811 before you break ground – and then hiring a professional private utility locating company like GPRS to provide you with a complete, accurate map of the subsurface utilities on your job site.

Our SIM-certified Project Managers utilize state-of-the-art tools like ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic (EM) locating, which when combined with our industry-leading training program allow them to provide 99.8%+ accurate utility locating services that keep you and your team safe from the dangers of utility strikes.

This accurate, field-verified data is at your fingertips 24/7 thanks to SiteMap^® (patent pending), our project & facility management application that provides accurate existing conditions documentation to protect your assets and people.

Securely accessible from any computer, tablet, or smartphone, SiteMap^® allows you and your project team to plan, design, manage, dig, and ultimately build better by ensuring you’re always working off the same accurate infrastructure data. Eliminate mistakes caused by miscommunications, and ensure you always have control over your data. Because when you control data, you control damage.

From skyscrapers to sewer lines, GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World^® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

What can we help you visualize?

Frequently Asked Questions

How does GPRS communicate the results of their utility locates?

Our Project Managers flag and paint our findings directly on the surface. This method of communication is the most accurate form of marking when excavation is expected to commence within a few days of service.

GPRS also uses a global positioning system (GPS) to collect data points of findings. We use this data to generate a plan, KMZ file, satellite overlay, or CAD file to permanently preserve results for future use. GPRS does not provide land surveying services. If you need land surveying services, please contact a professional land surveyor.

Please contact us to discuss the pricing and marking options your project may require.

Can GPRS locate PVC piping and other non-conductive utilities?

GPR scanning is exceptionally effective at locating all types of subsurface materials. There are times when PVC pipes do not provide an adequate signal to ground penetrating radar equipment and can’t be properly located by traditional methods. However, GPRS Project Managers are expertly trained at multiple methods of utility locating.

Can ground penetrating radar be used to verify known measurements?

We can use GPR to cross-check the measured depth and location of a located utility with existing as-built plans in order to verify the accuracy of plans.

What are the Benefits of Underground Utility Mapping?

Having an updated and accurate map of your subsurface infrastructure reduces accidents, budget overruns, change orders, and project downtime caused by dangerous and costly subsurface damage.

How does SiteMap^® assist with Utility Mapping?

SiteMap^®, powered by GPRS, is the industry-leading infrastructure management program. It is a single source of truth, housing the 99.8%+ accurate utility locating, concrete scanning, video pipe inspection, leak detection, and 3D laser scanning data our Project Managers collect on your job site. And the best part is you get a complimentary SiteMap^® Personal Subscription when GPRS performs a utility locate for you.

Click here to learn more.

Does SiteMap^® Work with my Existing GIS Platform?

SiteMap^® allows for exporting of data to SHP, GeoJSON, GeoPackage, and DXF directly from any user’s account that either owns or has a job shared to their account. All these file formats can be imported and utilized by other GIS packages if manually imported by the user.

More information can be found at SiteMap.com.

Fire suppression systems are critical components of any building’s fire protection plan, ensuring that fires are swiftly controlled or extinguished before causing significant damage. However, like any mechanical system, these systems are susceptible to leaks.

A leaking fire suppression system can compromise safety, increase maintenance costs, and lead to potential code violations.

Effectively finding and managing leaks in fire suppression systems requires a proactive approach, incorporating advanced leak detection methods and professional services.

The Importance of Identifying and Addressing Leaks

A leak in a fire suppression system can have severe consequences, including:

• Reduced Fire Protection Capability: Leaks can lower water pressure and prevent sprinklers from operating effectively during a fire
• Increased Repair Costs: Undetected leaks can cause long-term damage, leading to costly repairs or system replacement
• Property Damage: Water leaks can cause mold, structural deterioration, and electrical issues
• Regulatory Non-Compliance: Fire codes require that suppression systems be fully operational; a compromised system can lead to fines or legal consequences

Given these risks, it is essential to establish a robust leak detection and management strategy.

Components of a Fire Suppression System and Potential Leak Sources

Fire suppression systems consist of several critical components, each of which can be a source of leaks if not properly maintained:

• Sprinkler Heads: These are the discharge points of the system. A damaged or corroded sprinkler head can develop leaks, particularly if the sealing components deteriorate over time
• Piping Network: Pipes carry water or other suppression agents throughout the system. Corrosion, poor installation, or extreme pressure changes can lead to leaks
• Control Valves: These regulate the flow of water. If a valve is partially open or its seals degrade, leaks can occur at connection points
• Water Storage Tanks: Some suppression systems use storage tanks, which can develop leaks due to structural weaknesses or improper sealing
• Pressure Regulators and Gauges: These components ensure that the system operates at the correct pressure. Faulty pressure regulators can cause excessive pressure fluctuations, leading to leaks in vulnerable areas

Understanding how each component can contribute to system leaks is crucial for identifying and addressing problems before they compromise fire protection capabilities

Signs of a Fire Suppression System Leak

Detecting leaks early can prevent serious consequences. Some common indicators of a leak include:

• Unexplained Drop in Water Pressure: A sudden drop in system pressure may indicate that water is escaping somewhere in the network
• Visible Water Damage: Stains on ceilings, walls, or floors near sprinkler heads or pipes suggest a leak
• Unusual Sounds: Hissing or dripping noises within walls or ceilings can indicate a pressurized water system leak
• Rust or Corrosion: The presence of rust around sprinkler heads or pipes often indicates prolonged exposure to moisture
• Unexpected Water Meter Readings: A fire suppression system that consumes more water than usual without activation should be inspected for leaks

Methods for Finding Fire Suppression System Leaks

Professionals employ several advanced techniques to detect leaks efficiently. The most effective methods include:

Acoustic Leak Detection

Acoustic leak detection involves using sensitive microphones and sensors to detect the sound of water escaping from pipes. This method is particularly effective in pressurized systems where escaping water creates distinct noise patterns. Professionals analyze these sound variations to pinpoint the exact location of the leak.

Leak Detection Correlators

Leak detection, or leak noise correlators are specialized devices that help detect the exact location of a leak in long pipe sections. They work by placing sensors at different points in the piping system. These sensors measure the time it takes for sound waves to travel through the pipe, allowing technicians to determine where the leak is located.

Thermal Imaging

Infrared cameras can detect temperature variations in pipes and surrounding areas, helping to identify moisture accumulation that suggests a leak.

Hydrostatic Testing

Hydrostatic testing involves pressurizing the system with water and monitoring for pressure drops, which indicate potential leaks. This method is often used for large-scale systems to confirm system integrity.

Dye Testing/Dye Tracing

Dye is introduced into the water supply, making leaks visible as colored water escapes from compromised areas.

Managing and Repairing Fire Suppression System Leaks

Once a leak is detected, addressing it promptly is crucial. The following steps outline the best approach to managing leaks:

1. Shut Down the Affected System Area: If a leak is discovered, it is necessary to isolate the affected section to prevent further water damage and maintain system integrity.
2. Assess the Severity of the Leak: Technicians should evaluate the severity of the leak to determine if a simple repair will suffice or if a larger section of the system needs replacement.
3. Conduct Repairs Using Approved Materials: All repairs should be performed using fire code-compliant materials. Depending on the pipe type (steel, copper, or CPVC), different repair methods may be required.
4. Perform a Pressure Test Post-Repair: After the leak is repaired, the system should undergo a pressure test to ensure it is holding water without any further leaks.
5. Restore and Monitor the System: Once repairs are confirmed successful, the fire suppression system can be restored to full functionality. Continuous monitoring in the weeks following repair can help identify any recurring issues.

The Role of Professional Leak Detection Services

While facility managers and building owners can conduct visual inspections and monitor water usage, professional leak detection services are essential for comprehensive leak identification and prevention.

Annual Water Flow Checks

Professional leak detection companies can conduct annual water flow checks to verify that your system is delivering the appropriate water pressure. These tests help identify any potential blockages or leaks that could impact system performance.

Use of Advanced Leak Detection Technology

Professional leak detection companies utilize specialized tools, including acoustic leak detection and leak detection correlators, to accurately locate leaks without unnecessary disruption to building operations.

Ensuring Compliance and Reliability

Professional services ensure compliance with local fire codes and insurance requirements. They also provide documentation verifying that the system has been tested and is functioning correctly.

Preventive Maintenance and Routine Inspections

Engaging a professional leak detection company for routine inspections helps prevent leaks before they become serious problems. Preventive maintenance includes cleaning sprinkler heads, checking pipe integrity, and evaluating system pressure.

GPRS Provides Pinpoint-Accurate Leak Detection For Your Fire Suppression System

Finding and managing fire suppression system leaks is a critical aspect of maintaining a safe and compliant building.

GPRS’ nationwide team of Project Managers can locate leaks in any pressurized water line, including your fire suppression system, to make sure it’s effective when you need it.

Our team utilizes state-of-the-art technology like acoustic leak detection and leak detection correlators, which when combined with our industry-leading training methodology makes us the only leak detection company you’ll need.

What can we help you visualize?

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you determine the size of a water leak that you have located?

After analyzing thousands of previous leaks detected, GPRS asked clients to send us pictures of the remediation. This information has helped us compare our final leak signal detected with the results of the actual leak. We determine the size of the leak by how far the leak signal travels between contact points and the pitch of the tone received.

GPRS does not, however, produce formal leak estimations.

Why don’t I see any water at the location you’ve pinpointed as the leak?

Water finds the path of least resistance. Water can run through cracks in subsurface rock or make its way into storm, sanitary, and conduit piping. If the subsurface contains a high volume of sand, it will naturally flow farther down. There is no water visible on the surface in more than 99% of the leaks we locate.

In December 2024, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) released the final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Ridgeline Expansion Project, proposed by East Tennessee Natural Gas, LLC.

According to a press release from the FERC, this initiative aims to construct approximately 122.2 miles of 30-inch-diameter pipeline across multiple counties in Tennessee, enhancing natural gas transportation capacity to the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Kingston Fossil Plant. The project's scope includes not only the new pipeline but also the removal of about 24 miles of previously abandoned pipeline segments, which will be replaced with the new mainline pipe in the same trench.

The EIS concluded that, with proper mitigation measures, the project's environmental impacts would be less than significant. This determination underscores the critical importance of meticulous planning and data accuracy in large-scale utility expansion projects. A pivotal aspect of such planning is the accurate capture of subsurface infrastructure data.

The Importance of Accurate Subsurface Data

Subsurface infrastructure encompasses a complex network of utilities, including water pipes, gas lines, electrical cables, and telecommunications fibers. Accurate mapping of these underground assets is essential for several reasons:

1. ‍Safety Assurance: Unintended strikes on underground utilities during excavation can lead to hazardous situations, endangering workers and the public. Precise subsurface data helps prevent such incidents by informing construction teams of existing utility locations.
2. ‍Cost Efficiency: Unexpected encounters with uncharted utilities can cause project delays and escalate costs due to repairs and legal liabilities. Investing in accurate subsurface mapping can lead to significant cost savings by reducing these unforeseen expenses.
3. ‍Design Optimization: Comprehensive knowledge of subsurface conditions allows engineers to design projects that avoid conflicts with existing utilities, streamlining the construction process and enhancing overall project efficiency.

Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE): A Structured Approach

To systematically manage subsurface data, the industry employs Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE), a practice that integrates civil engineering with advanced geophysical technologies. SUE classifies utility data into four quality levels, each representing a different degree of accuracy:

• Quality Level D (QL-D): Information derived from existing records or verbal accounts
• Quality Level C (QL-C): Data obtained by surveying visible utility features and correlating them with existing records
• Quality Level B (QL-B): Application of surface geophysical methods to detect and map the horizontal position of subsurface utilities
• Quality Level A (QL-A): Precise mapping through non-destructive exposure methods, providing exact horizontal and vertical positions of utilities

Implementing SUE practices ensures a higher degree of confidence in subsurface data, thereby mitigating risks associated with utility conflicts during construction.

GPRS uses SUE Level 2-equivalent methodology and equipment to locate underground utilities with an accuracy rate of 99.8%. While we don’t conduct SUE work ourselves, our services allow a SUE Level 1 investigation to be performed more efficiently, eliminating the need to waste thousands of dollars on exploratory potholing.

Click here to learn more.

Technological Advancements in Utility Mapping

Recent technological innovations have significantly enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of subsurface utility mapping. Some of the technologies employed by professional utility locating companies include:

• Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): Utilizes radar pulses to image the subsurface, allowing for locating and mapping of buried utilities
• Electromagnetic (EM) Locating: Detects the electromagnetic signals radiating from metallic pipes and cables
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Integrates spatial data into comprehensive maps, facilitating better planning and decision-making

These tools, when used in conjunction, provide a detailed and accurate representation of underground utilities, essential for the successful execution of large-scale projects.

Let GPRS Provide You With Accurate, Complete Infrastructure Data

The Ridgeline Expansion Project exemplifies the complexities involved in modern utility infrastructure development. Accurate subsurface infrastructure data capture is not merely a procedural formality but a foundational element that ensures safety, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. As utility networks continue to expand and evolve, the integration of precise subsurface data into planning and implementation processes will remain indispensable for the successful delivery of large-scale projects.

GPRS utilizes industry-leading technology, training, and methodology to help you Intelligently Visualize The Built World^® while staying on time, on budget, and safe.

What can we help you visualize?

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you find PVC piping and other non-conductive utilities?

GPR scanning is exceptionally effective at locating all types of subsurface materials. There are times when PVC pipes do not provide an adequate signal to ground penetrating radar equipment and can’t be properly located by traditional methods. However, GPRS Project Managers are expertly trained at multiple methods of utility locating.

Can GPR be used to verify known measurements?

We can use GPR to cross-check the measured depth and location of a located utility with existing as-built plans in order to verify the accuracy of plans.

The rapid expansion of renewable energy projects demands the safe and efficient installation of transmission lines. However, laying out these crucial lines involves navigating numerous underground risks, including existing utilities, geological hazards, and environmental restrictions. Failing to properly assess the subsurface environment can lead to costly delays, safety hazards, and regulatory issues.

A professional private utility locating company that can provide you with digital subsurface data plays a crucial role in mitigating these risks. By leveraging advanced subsurface investigation techniques, these specialists provide accurate, real-time data that helps energy developers establish the safest and most efficient transmission line routes.

The Importance of Subsurface Data in Transmission Line Routing

Before beginning transmission line installation, developers must thoroughly understand subsurface conditions. This includes:

• Locating Underground Utilities: Accurately identifying existing pipelines, electrical cables, telecommunications lines, and water mains is critical to avoiding costly and dangerous utility strikes
• Assessing Soil and Geological Conditions: Understanding the composition and stability of the soil, as well as identifying rock formations and groundwater levels, ensures proper foundation design
• Environmental Considerations: Recognizing protected habitats, wetlands, and contamination zones allows for compliance with environmental regulations while minimizing ecological impact
• Hazard Mitigation: Detecting potential subsurface risks, such as unstable soil or abandoned infrastructure, can prevent structural failures and safety hazards

Why Hire a Professional Utility Locating Company?

While some energy developers attempt to conduct subsurface investigations in-house, the expertise and technology offered by a professional utility locating company provide significant advantages, including:

• Access to Advanced Technology: Specialized companies utilize a combination of ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic (EM) locators, and other complimentary technologies
• Minimized Project Delays and Costs: Identifying and addressing subsurface issues before construction begins reduces unexpected interruptions and costly redesigns
• Experienced Field Technicians: Utility locating experts have the training and hands-on experience needed to interpret data accurately and provide actionable insights for project planners

How Professional Utility Locators Expedite Transmission Line Route Selection

By employing a professional private utility locating company, energy developers can streamline the transmission line planning process in several ways:

1. Accurate Utility Mapping

Unidentified or mislocated underground utilities pose significant hazards to construction crews and the surrounding infrastructure. Professional locators conduct comprehensive underground utility detection to precisely map existing infrastructure, ensuring that transmission line routes avoid conflicts with critical underground systems.

2. Efficient Route Planning

Professional subsurface investigations help determine the best possible transmission routes by identifying obstacles in advance. By integrating data from electromagnetic locators, GPR scans, and soil testing, utility locating companies provide detailed reports that guide project planners in selecting paths with the least resistance and risk.

3. Prevention of Costly Excavation Errors

Accidental damage to underground utilities or encountering unexpected subsurface conditions can result in costly project delays, expensive repairs, and safety hazards. Professional utility locators ensure that all excavation plans are based on accurate, real-time data, significantly reducing the risk of unexpected complications.

Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Transmission Line Construction

One of the most significant benefits of hiring a professional utility locating company is the increased safety and efficiency it brings to transmission line installation. These benefits include:

• Preventing Utility Strikes: Striking an underground utility can result in severe consequences, including service outages, injuries, or even explosions. Utility locators use non-destructive methods to detect and map utilities with high accuracy
• Improving Worker Safety: Construction crews operate more safely when they have accurate subsurface data. Knowing what lies beneath the surface prevents dangerous surprises during excavation
• Streamlining Construction Workflows: With clear and precise underground maps, contractors can work efficiently without unnecessary interruptions or delays

Cost Savings Through Professional Utility Locating Services

Integrating professional subsurface investigation services into transmission line planning leads to significant cost reductions, including:

• Fewer Change Orders: Early detection of underground obstacles minimizes the need for last-minute design modifications
• Reduced Liability Costs: Compliance with safety and environmental regulations prevents fines and legal liabilities associated with accidental damage
• Optimized Construction Budgets: Avoiding unnecessary excavations and material wastage translates to significant cost savings over the course of the project
• Lower Insurance Premiums: Developers that take proactive safety measures by hiring professional locators may qualify for lower insurance rates due to reduced risk

Supporting Renewable Energy Expansion with Reliable Infrastructure

Renewable energy projects depend on efficient transmission networks to deliver power from solar and wind farms to homes and businesses. By utilizing professional utility locating services, developers ensure:

• Faster Project Completion: Reliable subsurface data accelerates planning, permitting, and construction timelines
• Long-Term Infrastructure Stability: Properly sited and supported transmission lines last longer and require fewer repairs
• Sustainable Land Use: Thoughtful routing based on accurate subsurface mapping preserves natural habitats and minimizes disruption to local communities
• Increased Grid Reliability: Well-planned transmission routes help ensure the stability and resilience of renewable energy networks

Let GPRS Help You Visualize Safe Routes for Your Transmission Lines

For renewable energy transmission projects to succeed, developers must prioritize safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance in their infrastructure planning. Hiring a professional utility locating company is a crucial step in this process. By leveraging advanced subsurface investigation techniques, these specialists help ensure that transmission line routes are optimized, safe, and cost-effective.

GPRS offers 99.8% utility locating services that keep you on time, on budget, and safe. Utilizing GPR scanning and electromagnetic (EM) locating, we provide you with an accurate and complete picture of the built world beneath your feet, so you can dig safely and keep your project on time and on budget.

This critical infrastructure data is at your fingertips 24/7 thanks to SiteMap^® (patent pending), our project & facility management application that provides accurate existing conditions documentation to protect your assets & people.

Securely accessible via any computer, tablet, or smartphone, SiteMap^® allows you and your team to plan, design, manage, dig, and ultimately build better. Eliminate mistakes caused by miscommunications, and ensure you always have control over the data for your project.

GPRS SiteMap^® team members are currently scheduling live, personal SiteMap^® demos. Click below to schedule your demo today!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Benefits of Underground Utility Mapping?

Having an updated and accurate map of your subsurface infrastructure reduces accidents, budget overruns, change orders, and project downtime caused by dangerous and costly subsurface damage.

How does SiteMap^® assist with Utility Mapping?

SiteMap^®, powered by GPRS, is the industry-leading infrastructure management program. It is a single source of truth, housing the 99.8%+ accurate utility locating, concrete scanning, video pipe inspection, leak detection, and 3D laser scanning data our Project Managers collect on your job site. And the best part is you get a complimentary SiteMap^® Personal Subscription when GPRS performs a utility locate for you.

Click here to learn more.

Does SiteMap^® Work with my Existing GIS Platform?

SiteMap^® allows for exporting of data to SHP, GeoJSON, GeoPackage, and DXF directly from any user’s account that either owns or has a job shared to their account. All these file formats can be imported and utilized by other GIS packages if manually imported by the user. More information can be found at SiteMap.com.

Upgrading the HVAC system in an older hospital building presents unique challenges.

Hospitals require strict indoor air quality (IAQ) standards, precise temperature and humidity control, and reliable operation to support patient care. And aging infrastructure, outdated designs, and space constraints complicate the upgrade process.

Careful planning is essential to ensure compliance with regulations, minimize disruptions, and improve energy efficiency.

Assessing the Existing System

Before embarking on an upgrade, it is critical to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current HVAC system. This process should include:

• Evaluating System Performance: Identify inefficiencies, maintenance history, and common failure points
• Inspecting Ductwork and Air Distribution: Many older buildings have inefficient duct systems that contribute to energy loss and poor airflow
• Reviewing Load Requirements: Determine whether the existing system can handle the current and future demands of the hospital
• Compliance and Code Review: Ensure the current system meets health and safety codes, including ASHRAE 170, NFPA 99, and local building regulations
• Energy Audits: Assess energy consumption and identify potential savings opportunities through newer technologies

Developing an Upgrade Strategy

Once the existing system has been evaluated, the next step is to develop a clear upgrade strategy. This should include:

• Defining Project Goals: Whether the focus is on improving energy efficiency, enhancing air quality, or replacing aging components, clear objectives should be established
• Budget Planning: Estimate costs for equipment, labor, and potential construction modifications. Consider incentives and funding opportunities for energy-efficient upgrades
• Phased Implementation: Since hospitals operate 24/7, an upgrade should be planned in phases to minimize service disruptions
• Selecting the Right Technology: Determine whether retrofitting components or installing a completely new system is the best approach

Choosing the Right HVAC System

Hospitals require specialized HVAC systems to maintain stringent air quality and infection control standards. When selecting an upgrade, consider:

• High-Efficiency Chillers and Boilers: Modern equipment reduces energy consumption and operating costs
• Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems: These allow for better control of airflow and temperature in different hospital zones
• Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) Systems: ERVs improve efficiency by capturing and reusing exhaust air energy
• HEPA Filtration and UV-C Technology: Upgrading filtration and sterilization components helps mitigate airborne contaminants and improve infection control
• Smart Building Automation: Implementing HVAC automation and IoT sensors enhances system monitoring, reduces maintenance costs, and improves efficiency

Addressing Structural and Space Constraints

Older hospitals often have space limitations that make HVAC upgrades complex. Consider:

• Utilizing Modular Equipment: Prefabricated HVAC units can be installed with minimal disruption
• Exploring Rooftop or External Installations: If interior space is limited, external placement may be a viable solution
• Integrating with Existing Systems: In some cases, a hybrid approach that retains functional components while upgrading key elements can optimize performance
• Enhancing Insulation and Sealing: Improving insulation can reduce HVAC load requirements and enhance system efficiency

Managing Installation and Minimizing Disruptions

To avoid disruptions to patient care, meticulous planning and execution are required. Strategies include:

• Scheduling Off-Hours Work: Perform installations during nights or weekends to minimize patient and staff inconvenience
• Isolating Work Zones: Use temporary partitions and negative pressure containment to prevent dust and contaminants from spreading
• Coordinating with Hospital Staff: Engage facility managers, infection control teams, and clinical staff in the planning process to align with hospital operations
• Testing and Commissioning: Conduct rigorous system testing before full implementation to ensure reliability and compliance

Ensuring Regulatory Compliance and Safety

Hospitals must adhere to strict regulatory requirements. Consider:

• Meeting Air Exchange and Ventilation Standards: Compliance with ASHRAE 170 guidelines for air changes per hour (ACH) in patient rooms, operating rooms, and isolation rooms
• Fire Safety and Emergency Protocols: Ensure HVAC modifications align with NFPA 99 and other fire safety codes
• Addressing Infection Control Standards: Work closely with infection control teams to mitigate risks associated with HVAC system changes
• Maintaining Proper Documentation: Keep detailed records of equipment specifications, maintenance schedules, and compliance reports

Evaluating Long-Term Maintenance and Sustainability

A well-planned HVAC upgrade should incorporate long-term maintenance and sustainability goals, including:

• Predictive Maintenance Programs: Implement sensor-based monitoring to detect issues before failures occur
• Staff Training: Ensure hospital maintenance teams are trained to operate and troubleshoot the new system effectively
• Energy Efficiency Optimization: Continuously analyze energy consumption data to identify opportunities for further efficiency improvements
• Exploring Renewable Energy Options: Consider integrating solar, geothermal, or other renewable energy sources to reduce reliance on traditional power

How GPRS Helps You Plan HVAC System Upgrades

GPRS offers a comprehensive suite of subsurface damage prevention, existing conditions documentation, and construction & facilities project management services designed to aid you in your HVAC system upgrade projects.

When you need to cut or core concrete to run new conduit, our precision concrete scanning services ensure you avoid any existing utilities, post tension cable, or rebar embedded within the slab. Utilizing ground penetrating radar (GPR) scanners, our SIM-certified Project Managers provide you with safe coring locations, helping you avoid costly and potentially dangerous subsurface damage.

Our 3D laser scanning services capture our concrete scanning mark-outs, as well as all existing above-ground features. Our in-house Mapping & Modeling Team can take this data to create 2D and 3D plans and models that aid in the design process and reduce clashes.

All this accurate, field-verified data is at you and your team’s fingertips 24/7 thanks to SiteMap^® (patent pending), our project & facility management application. Accessible via computer, tablet, or smartphone, SiteMap^® is a single source of truth for the information you need to avoid mistakes, change orders and reworks caused by miscommunication.

From skyscrapers to sewer lines, GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World^® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

What can we help you visualize?

Frequently Asked Questions

What deliverables does GPRS offer when providing 3D laser scanning services?

We can provide 3D modeling in many formats such as:

• Point Cloud Data (Raw Data)

• 2D CAD Drawings

• 3D Non-Intelligent Models

• 3D BIM Models

• JetStream Viewer

Customizable deliverables upon request include:

• Aerial Photogrammetry

• Comparative Analysis

• Deformation Analysis

• Digital Drawings of GPR Markings

• Floor Flatness Analysis/Contour Mapping

• New Construction Accuracy Analysis/Comparative Analysis

• Point Cloud Modeling Training Webinars

• Reconciliation of Clients 2D Design Drawings

• Reconciliation of Clients 3D Design Model

• Structural Steel Shape Probability Analysis

• Template Modeling

• Volume Calculations

• Wall Plumb Analysis

What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?

Building Information Modeling, or BIM, is more than just a 3D model. It gives engineers the ability to manage the building data through its whole lifecycle, providing accurate spatial relationships and manufacturer details as well as geographic information and other pertinent aspects of the building.

Can ground penetrating radar (GPR) differentiate between rebar and electrical conduit embedded within a concrete slab?

Yes, GPR can accurately differentiate between rebar and electrical conduit in most cases. At GPRS, we have an extremely high success rate in identifying electrical lines in supported slabs or slabs-on-grade before saw cutting or core drilling.

Additionally, our Project Managers can use electromagnetic (EM) locators to determine the location of conduits in the concrete. If we can transmit a signal onto the metal conduit, we can locate it with pinpoint accuracy. We can also find the conduit passively if a live electrical current runs through it.

The combined use of GPR and EM locating allows us to provide one of the most comprehensive and accurate conduits locating services available.

What is PFAS?

PFAS stands for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a group of human-made chemicals used in many industries since the 1940s. PFAS are used in products that resist grease, water, stains, and heat, such as nonstick cookware, water-repellent clothing, food packaging, firefighting foam, and industrial processes. While they have been valuable in manufacturing, PFAS exposure has raised health concerns, including potential links to cancer, hormone disruption, immune system effects, and developmental issues. Due to these risks, regulatory efforts to monitor and limit PFAS contamination in water, soil, and products are increasing.

What are PFOA and PFOS?

Two of the most well-known chemicals in the PFAS group are PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate). These substances have been widely used for decades in industrial processes and consumer products due to their resistance to heat, water, and oil.

PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid) is a chemical commonly used in products like nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, carpet treatments, and firefighting foams. However, it linked to kidney and testicular cancers, thyroid disease, high cholesterol, and immune system suppression. PFOA is also bioaccumulative, which means it builds up in the body over time, both in humans and animals. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) phased out its use through the 2006 PFOA Stewardship Program, it continues to remain in the environment and in imported goods.

PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate) is used in products like stain and water-resistant treatments, firefighting foams, and in metal plating and electronics manufacturing. It is associated with several health concerns, including liver damage, developmental effects, immune suppression, and an increased risk of cancer. PFOS stays in the environment for a very long time and does not easily break down. It has been detected in water supplies and wildlife around the world. In 2009, PFOS was added to the Stockholm Convention, a global treaty that aims to reduce or eliminate the use and release of dangerous pollutants. This led to strict regulations and bans on PFOS in many countries.

Both PFOA and PFOS are commonly referred to as "forever chemicals" because they break down very slowly in the environment and can accumulate in the human body over time. Their phase-out has led to the rise of alternative PFAS compounds, but these are also raising concerns due to similar persistence and toxicity.

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What Regulations are Used to Monitor PFAS Contamination?

In the U.S., several regulations are in place to monitor and manage PFAS contamination. The EPA plays a central role, with efforts like the PFAS Action Plan and the PFAS Roadmap, which include proposals to set enforceable limits for PFAS in drinking water under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The EPA is also working on designating PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), which would allow for cleanup at contaminated sites.

Additionally, state-level regulations have been adopted in many areas, with states like California and Michigan establishing stricter PFAS limits for water, soil, and food products. Furthermore, PFAS chemicals are regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), which requires companies to notify the EPA before manufacturing new PFAS compounds or using them in certain applications. These regulatory frameworks are crucial for addressing the widespread presence of PFAS in the environment and mitigating the risks they pose to public health.

Is a Water Manager Responsible for Monitoring PFAS Contamination?

The responsibilities of a water manager include testing water supplies for PFAS, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations, and implementing treatment methods to reduce contamination. Water managers also work to identify sources of PFAS pollution, develop mitigation strategies, and communicate risks and solutions to the public and stakeholders. Since PFAS are persistent in the environment, ongoing monitoring and proactive management are essential to protect public health and maintain water quality.

Overall, a water manager is responsible for overseeing the planning, operation, and maintenance of water resources, systems, and infrastructure to ensure efficient water distribution, quality, and sustainability. They play a vital role in managing water for various purposes, including drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, irrigation, and industrial uses.

Where Does a Water Manager Work?

• Municipal water utilities
• Private water companies
• Environmental agencies and non-profits
• Industrial facilities and agricultural operations
• Consulting firms specializing in water resource management

What is the Role of a Water Manager?

• ‍Water Supply Management: Ensure an adequate and reliable supply of clean water for communities, agriculture, and industries, while also monitoring water quality to ensure it meets safety standards and public health regulations. This involves overseeing the distribution and treatment of water to prevent contamination and ensure it remains safe for consumption and use across various sectors.
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• Wastewater and Stormwater Management: Oversee the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater, ensuring that it is properly processed before being released or reused. These professionals also develop and manage systems to handle stormwater, aiming to prevent flooding and protect the environment by directing excess water safely and reducing the risk of contamination or damage to local ecosystems.
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• Infrastructure Maintenance: Oversee the operation and maintenance of water treatment plants, pipelines, reservoirs, and pumping stations.
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• Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that water systems meet local, national, and international regulations, including those for PFAS contamination, water usage, and pollution control.
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• Sustainability and Conservation: Develop and implement conservation strategies to minimize waste and promote sustainable water use. They ensure resources are managed efficiently while addressing environmental challenges like climate change and droughts. By adapting strategies, they help maintain a reliable water supply while reducing environmental and community impacts.
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• Planning and Development: Design and upgrade water systems to meet growing demands and improve operational efficiency. They work closely with engineers, environmental scientists, and policymakers on various water-related projects, ensuring that systems are sustainable, effective, and aligned with regulatory requirements while addressing the needs of the community and environment.
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• Crisis Management: Respond to emergencies, such as water contamination, droughts, floods, or infrastructure failures.
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• Community and Stakeholder Engagement: Communicate with the public, government agencies, and other stakeholders to ensure transparency and build trust.
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Why Does a Water Manager Need PFAS Experience?

PFAS experience is a skill water managers need because of the increasing prevalence, regulatory compliance, and health risks associated with these contaminants. Managing PFAS in water systems requires specialized knowledge and expertise, as it presents unique challenges that are critical to public health and environmental protection. Below are six reasons PFAS experience will help water managers to address regulatory, technical, and communication challenges effectively, ensure safe water supplies, plus protect public health and the environment.

• Increasing Regulations: Governments are setting stricter rules for PFAS in drinking water and wastewater, making it essential for water managers to stay informed. The U.S. EPA and the EU are enforcing tighter limits, and failing to comply can lead to serious penalties. Water managers must understand these changing regulations and ensure their facilities meet the latest safety standards.
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• Health and Environmental Risks: PFAS chemicals have been linked to serious health problems, including cancer and immune system issues. Water managers play a key role in keeping communities safe by testing, treating, and reducing PFAS in water supplies. Even small amounts of these chemicals can be harmful, so early detection and proper treatment are critical.
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• Advanced Treatment Methods: PFAS are difficult to remove using regular water treatment methods. Specialized techniques like activated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange resins are needed. Water managers with experience in these methods can choose the best approach, making sure PFAS removal is effective and cost-efficient.
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• Managing Contamination: PFAS contamination often comes from industrial sites, firefighting foam, and other sources. Water managers must act quickly to find where the pollution is coming from, develop a cleanup plan, and prevent it from spreading. Without fast action, contamination can worsen, making treatment more difficult and expensive.
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• Communicating with the Public: People are becoming more aware of PFAS risks and expect clear information from water providers. Water managers who understand PFAS can explain treatment plans, answer public concerns, and build trust with communities. Keeping people informed helps ensure support for necessary water safety measures.
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• Preparing for the Future: PFAS chemicals don’t break down easily, meaning they will be a problem for years to come. Water managers with PFAS knowledge are crucial for creating long-term solutions that keep water safe. By staying up to date on new technologies and regulations, they can help protect water supplies now and in the future.

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How Can GPRS Support PFAS Environmental Site Investigations?

As water managers, in conjunction with The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), test for PFAS contamination in water, environmental services such as soil boring and water testing will be critical.

Soil borings are often performed to investigate underground soil conditions for contamination by hazardous materials or waste. There are a few different ways that a soil boring can be accomplished. Direct push and hollow stem auger are the two most common drilling methods for soil sampling and have proven to be effective for most situations.

Any time an excavator or drill rig penetrates the surface of the ground, there is a risk of striking underground utilities. Without site preparation, a drill rig can come into contact with a utility such as water, sewer, electric, communications, or even a gas line. It is crucial to ensure that all utilities are located prior to soil boring. Call GPRS to complete a utility locate prior to a soil boring, to lower the risk of hitting a buried utility line.

‍GPRS supports the safe and efficient completion of soil borings and other environmental tests with our comprehensive suite of infrastructure visualization services, including 99.8% accurate utility locating and concrete scanning, NASSCO-certified video pipe inspection, and pinpoint-accurate leak detection services. GPRS supports our clients who sample for potential PFAS contamination, but we will not conduct any active monitoring or managing of the contaminant.

Anytime you dig – especially when conducting soil borings – you run the risk of striking a buried utility. GPRS’ private utility locating services utilize ground penetrating radar (GPR), and electromagnetic (EM) locating to locate and map your subsurface infrastructure, mitigating the risk of subsurface damage during soil boring.

To map sewer lines, we combine EM locating with remote-controlled sewer pipe inspection rovers equipped with sondes: instrument probes that the EM locator can detect from the surface. This allows us to map these systems while we’re investigating them for defects such as cross bores, blockages, inflow/infiltration (I/I), and more.

When you need to know where you’re losing water, GPRS conducts leak detection services utilizing acoustic leak detection and leak detection correlators. Acoustic leak detection involves using specialized microphones, headphones, and control units, as well as complimentary technologies to pinpoint water leaks by listening to amplified sound waves in a wide variety of pipe materials. Leak detection correlators are algorithm-powered tools that utilize radio waves via a dual sensor system to process and digitally display leak vibrations that correlate to potential pressurized water system leaks. It is used in conjunction with acoustic devices to provide pinpoint leak detection in water and fire suppression infrastructure.

Field data collected on your job site by our SIM and NASSCO-certified Project Managers is accessible 24/7 in SiteMap^® (patent pending), GPRS’ infrastructure visualization software. SiteMap^® houses all your GPRS as-built site data – above and below ground such as drawings, maps, models, photogrammetry, NASSCO reports, and more. Accessible from any computer, tablet, or smartphone, SiteMap® allows you to share your critical infrastructure data with whoever needs it, allowing you safely using a drilling rig for soil boring.

What can GPRS help with your PFAS environmental site investigations?

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Facility renovations can be complex, requiring a detailed plan to maintain operational continuity. Operational continuity is the ability of an organization to keep its core functions running despite disruption.

A facility renovation can disrupt operational continuity by causing interruptions to essential utilities like power and water, and potentially halting critical operations, especially if the renovation isn't carefully planned and phased to minimize interference with ongoing business activities.

For industries like manufacturing, healthcare, or data centers, downtime during facility renovations can lead to operational disruptions, revenue loss, and frustrated stakeholders.

Ensuring a seamless renovation process begins with obtaining accurate as-built documentation, which provides a detailed understanding of the facility's existing conditions. As-built documentation helps facilities create a detailed renovation design plan, improves communication, manages risks, and ensures quality construction standards are maintained throughout the process.

Two technologies that deliver as-built documentation are subsurface utility detection and 3D laser scanning. Together, they allow for informed decision-making, risk mitigation, and cost-efficient renovations.

What is the Importance of Accurate As-Built Documentation?

As-built documentation refers to detailed records of a facility’s current architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems. It delivers a reference point for renovation projects, ensuring that design teams can align their plans with the existing infrastructure. Inaccurate or outdated as-built documentation can lead to unexpected issues, such as encountering buried utilities or unknown structural elements, which can delay projects and increase costs.

Accurate as-built documentation provides several key benefits:

• Informed Decision-Making: With a comprehensive understanding of the facility’s current layout and systems, teams can make informed decisions that minimize disruption and maximize efficiency.

• Improved Safety: By identifying hidden utilities and structural anomalies, project teams can avoid accidents or damage during construction.
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• Cost Efficiency: Accurate documentation prevents rework, design errors, and unnecessary resource allocation, saving both time and money.

Subsurface Utility Detection: Mitigating Risks Below the Surface

Subsurface utility detection is an essential technology for identifying underground utilities and infrastructure before beginning renovation work. Utilities such as water lines, gas pipelines, electrical conduits, and telecommunication cables are often buried beneath facilities and can pose significant risks if damaged during construction.

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How Does Subsurface Utility Detection Work?

Subsurface utility detection employs non-invasive methods to locate and map underground utilities. Common equipment utilized includes:

• Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): GPR technology uses radio waves to detect buried or otherwise concealed subsurface objects. It can detect both metallic and non-metallic components, making it useful in a variety of environments and applications.  
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• Electromagnetic Locating: An electromagnetic locator, also called a utility locator or cable locator, is a specialized device used to detect and locate underground utility lines like electrical cables, water pipes, and gas lines by emitting an electromagnetic signal and then detecting the signal reflected from the conductive metal of the buried line.
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• Acoustic Methods: Acoustic leak detectors consist of a DXMIC Ground Microphone, an elephant foot microphone, noise-cancelling headphones, and a monitor for acoustic leak detection. This equipment can pinpoint the location of a water pipe leak.

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What are the Benefits of Subsurface Utility Detection?

• Accurate Mapping: Detailed utility markings, field sketch, and maps ensure better planning and execution of renovation activities.
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• Minimize Risks: Real-time information helps facilities avoid utility strikes, which reduce the risk of service interruptions, costly repairs, and safety hazards.
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• Save Time: Accurate utility location enables faster excavation processes by allowing contractors to work around existing lines efficiently.
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• Compliance with Regulations: Facilities utilize utility locating services to ensure compliance with local "dig safe" laws and regulations.

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3D Laser Scanning: Capturing the Existing Conditions Above Ground

While subsurface utility detection focuses on what lies beneath the surface, 3D laser scanning provides a comprehensive view of the facility’s above-ground conditions. This technology captures precise measurements of structures, equipment, and MEP systems, generating a detailed point cloud that serves as the basis for as-built documentation.

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How Does 3D Laser Scanning Work?

3D laser scanning uses LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology to measure distances between the scanner and surfaces. By emitting laser beams and recording the time it takes for the light to return, the scanner creates a high-resolution point cloud that represents every detail of the scanned environment.

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What are the Benefits of 3D Laser Scanning?

• Unmatched Accuracy: Scanning captures precise as-built details within millimeters, delivering dimensionally accurate, measurable, and shareable data sets.
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• Comprehensive Data Collection: Laser scanning captures millions of data points, providing a complete and accurate representation of the facility, reducing the need for site revisits.
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• Time Savings: A 3D laser scanner can document large and complex spaces quickly. In many cases, scanning can be done in a matter of hours, rather than days or weeks. This can help minimize operational shutdowns and speed up the project timeline.
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• Custom Deliverables: Data can be processed into 2D CAD drawings, 3D BIM models, or virtual walkthroughs, catering to various project needs.

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What are the Applications of 3D Laser Scanning for Facility Renovations?

• Design Integration: Designers and architects can integrate scanned data into Building Information Modeling (BIM) platforms like Revit to create accurate renovation plans.
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• Clash Detection: By overlaying new designs onto the scanned data, teams can identify and resolve conflicts before construction begins.
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• Lifecycle Maintenance: The detailed digital representation of the facility can be used for future maintenance and upgrades.

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Combining Subsurface Utility Detection and 3D Laser Scanning

When used together, subsurface utility detection and 3D laser scanning provide a comprehensive view of a facility. This integrated approach ensures that both above-ground and below-ground conditions are accounted for, reducing the likelihood of unforeseen challenges during renovations.

What is the workflow for comprehensive as-built documentation?

• Conduct Initial Assessment: Begin with a thorough review of existing documentation and site conditions.
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• Detect Subsurface Utilities: Conduct utility detection to locate and map underground infrastructure.
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• Perform 3D Laser Scanning: Capture the above-ground conditions to create a detailed point cloud.
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• Integrate Data: Combine subsurface and laser scan data into an intelligent 3D BIM model.
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• Renovation Planning: Use the integrated model to develop renovation plans, identify risks, and streamline workflows.

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Utility Locating Case Study:
GPRS Performed Utility Locating at a Manufacturing Facility

A manufacturing facility needed a permanent record of their 60-acre facility’s buried infrastructure. GPRS located, marked, and mapped all utility and sewer lines at the manufacturing facility, and provide comprehensive infrastructure data management for O&M purposes.

Read the case study >

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3D Laser Scanning Case Study:
Pharmaceutical Upgrades Completed With the Help of Laser Scanning

A pharmaceutical company was installing some new equipment in various areas of the facility. Existing machinery was being removed, new machinery was being installed and MEP piping was being re-routed throughout the area. GPRS provided laser scanning services to collect point cloud data on four levels and generate a 3D Revit model for the client. Before starting renovations of this existing facility, the client desired to document existing conditions to plan layout and process flow upgrades.

Read the case study >

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What are the Best Practices for Ensuring Operational Continuity?

• Plan Early: Engage utility detection and laser scanning teams early in the project to gather comprehensive data.
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• Collaborate: Foster communication between designers, contractors, and facility managers to align goals and expectations.
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• Capture Progress: Update as-built documentation as renovations progress to reflect any changes or new installations.
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• Use Advanced Tools: Leverage BIM platforms and clash detection software to optimize designs and reduce errors.
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• Prioritize Safety: Follow all safety regulations and best practices when working with utilities and construction sites.

Facility renovations present unique challenges, when maintaining operational continuity is a priority. Accurate as-built documentation is the cornerstone of successful renovations, enabling teams to plan effectively and mitigate risks. Subsurface utility detection and 3D laser scanning are indispensable tools for capturing comprehensive site data, ensuring that both above-ground and below-ground conditions are fully understood. By adopting these technologies and following best practices, facility managers can minimize downtime, reduce costs, and achieve seamless renovation outcomes.

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Why Use GPRS Utility Locating Services?

GPRS Utility Locating Services mark utility lines to prevent damage and service disruptions and keep excavators and our communities safe. GPRS has achieved and maintained a better than 99.8% accuracy rating on utility locates due to our commitment to the Subsurface Investigation Methodology, or SIM. Through the SIM program, GPRS Project Managers complete 320 hours of field training and 80 hours of classroom training, where they encounter real-world scanning scenarios in a safe and structured environment that allows them to create consultative solutions to unique problems. This training ensures that GPRS Project Managers can accurately interpret the readings provided by GPR, EM locators, and other infrastructure visualization technologies.

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Why Use GPRS 3D Laser Scanning Services?

GPRS 3D Laser Scanning Services are fast, accurate and reliable. Three-dimensional data provides exact measurements of sites with a level of confidence and speed not possible with traditional tools. There’s no better way to drive decision making than to have accurate and intelligent, real-time data.

GPRS 3D Laser Scanning Services provide 2-4mm accuracy by capturing 2 million data points per second, for efficient planning, design, and construction. And our in-house Mapping & Modeling Team can export your data to create accurate existing condition as-builts – above and below ground – to give you the accurate information you need in a format you can easily work with and share to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

What can we help you visualize?

The owners of an apartment complex in California utilized GPRS’ utility locating services and SiteMap^® facility management platform to ensure the safe installation of gas lines for an expansion project.

GPRS Project Manager Javier Mendez was called to the property to conduct a utility locate in the area where several gas lines were to be buried as part of an expansion to the complex. Initially, the project called for Mendez to locate just the gas lines around an area where crews would be trenching to tie in for gas services.

But Mendez’s training and experience told him there would likely be several other utilities in the area that could also interfere with the planned work if not properly located.

“If you’re going to tie into the existing gas [service], you’ve got to find it first,” he said. “But they were going to put several new gas lines in, so that’s why they needed to know where, for one, where the existing gas line was at, and for two, just make sure they don’t run into anything else while they’re digging for that.”

Even a seemingly vacant lot can be riddled with buried utilities – and striking even one of these underground lines is a recipe for disaster.

There were 189,549 unique reported damages to subsurface utilities in 2023 alone, according to information gathered by the Common Ground Alliance (CGA).

The CGA also found that the top six root causes of these damages have remained consistent for years and make up nearly 76% of damages. And excavation/construction stakeholders were the the top source of damage reports for the second consecutive year.

A single utility strike can derail your budget, decimate your schedule, and endanger the lives of your workers and anyone in the surrounding area. And multi-building apartment complexes like the one where Mendez was working in California require a network of buried utilities – which just means there are even more opportunities for subsurface damage to occur when excavating for renovations or expansions.

To avoid these consequences, it’s vital you follow the law and contact your local 811 service – and hire a professional private utility locating company like GPRS to locate and mark all buried utilities within your excavation site.

Our SIM-certified Project Managers utilize a suite of utility locating tools – including ground penetrating radar (GPR) scanning, and electromagnetic (EM) locating – to provide you with a complete and accurate picture of the built world beneath your feet.

GPR scanners emit radio signals into the ground, then detect the interactions between those signals and any buried objects like utility lines or underground storage tanks (USTs). These interactions are displayed on a GPR readout as a series of hyperbolas, which vary in size, color, and shape depending on the type of material that has been located. Professional utility locating technicians like our Project Managers are specially trained to interpret this data to tell you where it’s safe to dig.

Unlike GPR scanners, EM locators do not locate buried pipes, cables, or other underground obstructions. Instead, they detect the electromagnetic signals radiating from these items.

These signals can be created by the locator’s transmitter applying current to the pipe, or from current flow in a live electrical cable. They can also result from a conductive pipe acting as an antenna and re-radiating signals from stray electrical fields (detected by the EM locator functioning in Power Mode) and communications transmissions (Radio Mode).

Signals are created by the current flowing from the transmitter which travels along the conductor (line/cable/pipe) and back to the transmitter. The current typically uses a ground to complete the current. A ground stake is used to complete the circuit through the ground.

By using both his GPR unit and EM locator, Mendez was able to locate not just the existing gas main, but several other utilities buried beneath the job site. He marked his findings on the ground using spray paint and flags to ensure the excavator had a clear understanding of where they could and could not break ground. And the information was captured digitally for future use via GPRS’ SiteMap^® platform.

SiteMap^® is project & facility management application that provides accurate existing conditions documentation to protect your assets and people. It takes the accurate, field-verified data collected by GPRS’ nationwide team of Project Managers and stores it in a secure, yet easily accessible platform that enables seamless communication and collaboration – whether your project team is spread out over a single office building, or multiple facilities across the country.

SiteMap^® is always at your fingertips, accessible 24/7 via computer, tablet, or even by smartphone thanks to the SiteMap^® Mobile App.

The apartment owners, their contractor and any subcontractors on the expansion project will be able to refer to the data Mendez captured and uploaded into SiteMap^® as they move through their expansion project. And any additions or changes they make to the site’s buried infrastructure can also be captured and updated within the platform, ensuring it’s always up-to-date and accurate.

“They were just happy, just to have a platform like that,” Mendez said. “…Showing them the SiteMap® app, and how they’re able to just click on any of those utility lines and it will give them a description of how we found it, how deep it is, etc… When they first saw it, they were kind of already hooked on it.”

From skyscrapers to sewer lines, GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World^® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

What can we help you visualize?

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Benefits of Underground Utility Mapping?

Having an updated and accurate map of your subsurface infrastructure reduces accidents, budget overruns, change orders, and project downtime caused by dangerous and costly subsurface damage.

How does SiteMap^® assist with Utility Mapping?

SiteMap^®, powered by GPRS, is the industry-leading infrastructure management program. It is a single source of truth, housing the 99.8%+ accurate utility locating, concrete scanning, video pipe inspection, leak detection, and 3D laser scanning data our Project Managers collect on your job site. And the best part is you get a complimentary SiteMap^® Personal Subscription when GPRS performs a utility locate for you.

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Does SiteMap^® Work with my Existing GIS Platform?

SiteMap^® allows for exporting of data to SHP, GeoJSON, GeoPackage, and DXF directly from any user’s account that either owns or has a job shared to their account. All these file formats can be imported and utilized by other GIS packages if manually imported by the user. More information can be found at SiteMap.com.

Phase II Environmental Site Assessments (ESAs) play a crucial role in identifying and evaluating potential contamination on properties.

These assessments require a significant amount of data collection, analysis, and reporting, all of which can become cumbersome without effective data management practices.

Streamlining data management for Phase II ESAs not only improves efficiency but also enhances the quality of the findings and ensures regulatory compliance.

Understanding the Data Challenges in Phase II ESAs

Phase II ESAs are data-intensive by nature. They involve gathering soil, water, and air samples, analyzing laboratory results, documenting site conditions, and preparing detailed reports. Common challenges include:

• Volume of Data: The sheer amount of data collected from sampling and analysis can overwhelm traditional data management systems
• Data Accuracy: Errors in recording or analyzing data can compromise the assessment’s reliability
• Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to local, state, and federal regulations requires meticulous data organization and documentation
• Collaboration: Coordinating between field teams, laboratory personnel, and project managers can lead to miscommunication and data silos
• Time Constraints: Clients and stakeholders often expect quick turnarounds, making efficiency critical

Addressing these challenges requires adopting modern data management strategies and technologies.

Step 1: Implement Digital Data Collection Tools

Traditional methods of data collection, such as paper forms and manual spreadsheets, are prone to errors and inefficiencies. Transitioning to digital tools offers several advantages:

• Real-Time Data Entry: Field personnel can enter data directly into mobile devices, reducing transcription errors
• Automated Formatting: Digital tools standardize data entry formats, ensuring consistency
• Cloud Integration: Data collected in the field can be uploaded instantly to cloud storage, making it accessible to all team members

Popular digital tools include mobile apps designed for environmental assessments, such as Fulcrum, Esri Field Maps, and EQuIS Collect.

Step 2: Use a Centralized Data Management System

A centralized data management system serves as a single source of truth for all project-related data. This eliminates duplication and ensures that all team members are working with the most up-to-date information.

Key features to look for in a centralized system include:

• Cloud Storage: Enables remote access and facilitates collaboration
• Search Functionality: Simplifies finding specific data points or documents
• Customizable Workflows: Adapts to the unique needs of each project

Systems such as Microsoft SharePoint, Google Workspace, or industry-specific platforms like EQuIS Enterprise offer robust solutions for centralized data management.

Step 3: Leverage GIS Technology

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are invaluable for mapping and analyzing environmental data. GIS platforms allow users to visualize spatial relationships, identify trends, and communicate findings effectively.

Applications in Phase II ESAs:

• Mapping sampling locations and contamination plumes
• Overlaying historical data with current findings
• Generating visual reports for stakeholders

Tools like SiteMap^® (patent pending), powered by GPRS, provide advanced utility mapping capabilities tailored to environmental assessments.

Step 4: Automate Data Analysis

Manual data analysis is time-consuming and increases the risk of human error. Automation tools can process large datasets quickly and accurately, enabling faster decision-making.

Key Automation Tools:

• Statistical Software: Tools like R and Python’s Pandas library can handle complex data analysis
• Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS): Automates the tracking and reporting of lab results
• Data Visualization Platforms: Tools like Tableau and Power BI create intuitive dashboards and charts

Step 5: Standardize Data Formats and Reporting

Standardizing data formats ensures consistency across projects and simplifies regulatory compliance. Develop templates and guidelines for:

• Sampling protocols
• Data entry formats
• Report structures

These templates can be integrated into your data management software, ensuring that all team members adhere to the same standards.

Step 6: Train Your Team

Even the best tools and systems are ineffective without proper user training. Ensure that your team understands how to use the chosen technologies and follows established workflows.

Training Tips:

• Conduct hands-on workshops and webinars
• Develop user manuals and quick-reference guides
• Encourage ongoing learning to stay updated on industry trends and software updates

Step 7: Monitor and Optimize Your Processes

Data management is not a set-it-and-forget-it task. Regularly review your processes to identify areas for improvement.

Best Practices for Monitoring:

• Conduct periodic audits of data accuracy and completeness
• Gather feedback from team members to identify pain points
• Use analytics to measure efficiency and identify bottlenecks

How GPRS Helps Ensure the Success & Safety of Your ESAs

When Phase II ESA work is needed to assess the potential for soil, groundwater or soil vapor impact, the safety of your field staff and protecting the current property’s infrastructure is critical. GPRS deploys industry leading equipment operated by highly skilled and experienced project managers. Our Subsurface Investigation Methodology (SIM) process ensures that every proposed soil boring, groundwater monitoring well, and soil vapor pin location is cleared of utilities prior to drilling. GPS mapping of utility findings and sample locations is included in every project.  

Soil, groundwater or soil gas contamination may be identified above cleanup criteria and additional investigation may be required to determine that no exposure pathways exist or that they can be remediated. With existing maps already in place from the initial investigation, GPRS can quickly locate previous sample locations, complete a utility restake, and help determine if any nearby utilities may be acting as migration pathways for contamination.

As a trusted leader in damage prevention within the environmental sector, GPRS provides dependable results from the initial investigation through delineation, remediation, and project completion. With a nationwide network of Project Managers, we are prepared to mobilize quickly for projects across the United States.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a Phase I and Phase II Environmental Site Assessment?

A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is a preliminary, non-intrusive investigation to identify potential environmental risks or recognized environmental conditions (RECs) through records reviews, site inspections, and interviews. If RECs are identified, a Phase II ESA is conducted as a more detailed, intrusive investigation involving soil, groundwater, or air sampling to confirm and characterize contamination. While Phase I focuses on identifying potential risks, Phase II provides concrete data to guide remediation or determine the extent of contamination.

Why do I need to hire a professional utility locating company to locate and mark out all buried utilities prior to beginning an ESA?

Locating buried utilities is essential prior to a Phase I or Phase II Environmental Site Assessment to ensure the safety of field personnel and prevent damage to underground infrastructure during site activities. It minimizes the risk of striking utilities, which could result in costly repairs, project delays, or hazardous situations like gas leaks or electrical incidents. Additionally, accurate utility mapping helps guide subsurface investigations, ensuring that drilling or sampling locations are appropriately cleared and positioned for reliable environmental data collection.

What is Value Engineering?

Value engineering is a process of analyzing a project's components and functions to identify ways to achieve the required functionality at the lowest possible cost. This is often completed by finding alternative materials or design methods that maintain performance while reducing expenses.  

Lawrence Miles is credited with creating value engineering while working at General Electric (GE) during World War II. He was responsible for purchasing raw materials for GE when manufacturing was at its peak. World War II caused extreme material shortages, which left Miles searching for design alternatives with similar functionalities. He discovered that some substitutes weren’t only cost-effective, they also improved the product. This realization was the origin of a new technique called “value analysis,” more commonly known today as value engineering.

Value engineering has been widely adopted by many industries to solve problems, identify and eliminate unwanted costs, and improve function and quality.

Value engineering is not just a concept; it’s a methodology. Whether a team wants to substitute one material or system for another, consider alternative building materials, or improve sustainability, the process of value engineering remains generally consistent.

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What is the Methodology for Value Engineering?

These are the key steps to the value engineering process:

Step 1: Information Gathering

• Clearly define the project goals and requirements.
• Collect detailed data on costs, specifications, schedule, and engineering expectations for each design element.
• Conduct a thorough analysis of the existing design to understand its functions and potential areas for improvement.

Step 2: Function Analysis

• Break down each design element into its core functions.
• Evaluate the necessity of each function for the overall project outcome.
• Identify potential areas where functions can be simplified or combined.

Step 3: Creative Brainstorming

• Encourage a collaborative environment to generate innovative ideas from diverse team members.
• Explore alternative materials, construction methods, and design approaches.
• Consider "what if" scenarios to challenge assumptions and identify potential cost-saving solutions.

Step 4: Evaluation and Selection

• Analyze each proposed alternative based on its cost, functionality, quality, and impact on the schedule.
• Receive accurate cost data from a reliable industry expert.
• Conduct feasibility assessments and identify potential risks associated with proposed changes.

Step 5: Development and Implementation

• Refine selected value engineering solutions into detailed design specifications.
• Communicate changes clearly to all stakeholders involved in the project.
• Monitor implementation to ensure the intended cost savings are achieved while maintaining quality.

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How Can 3D Laser Scanning Aid the Value Engineering Process?

Value engineering during the planning and design phases has the greatest impact. With precise site data from 3D laser scanning, it’s easy to integrate value engineering methodology into design planning. 3D laser scanning enables engineers, architects, and designers to optimize functionality, reduce costs, and improve overall value in product designs.

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What is 3D Laser Scanning?

3D laser scanning is a cutting-edge technology that captures high-resolution spatial data by emitting laser beams to measure distances to surfaces. This process generates precise digital representations of physical spaces or objects, known as point clouds. From a point cloud, a 2D CAD drawing and 3D BIM model can be created, allowing engineers, architects, and designers to visualize, analyze, and optimize designs in remarkable detail.

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How Can 3D Laser Scanning Support Value Engineering?

Accurate As-Built Documentation

By capturing precise measurements of existing structures, 3D laser scanning eliminates the need for extensive manual measurements, reducing errors and providing a clear picture of the existing conditions for design modifications. For example, 3D laser scanning documented a historic building for preservation. The scans found hidden structural weaknesses, allowing the team to redesign and preserve the building’s integrity.

Clash Detection

By creating a detailed 3D model, potential clashes between different building components can be identified early in the design process, allowing for adjustments to avoid costly rework during construction. A wastewater treatment plant utilized an LOD 300 BIM model to visualize, design, modify, and manage the update of the heat exchanger system within the facility.

Optimized Design Modifications

The detailed data from a LiDAR scan, CAD drawing, and 3D model enables engineers to analyze and optimize design changes, identifying areas where materials can be reduced or substituted without compromising structural integrity. 3D laser scanning aids in this analysis by providing detailed models that highlight inefficiencies or redundancies in design. Engineers can simulate different scenarios and assess their cost implications, ensuring the final design is both functional and economical.

Improved Material Estimation

By capturing precise dimensions and spatial relationships, 3D laser scanning ensures that materials are cut, fabricated, and installed with minimal excess. This level of precision reduces costs and minimizes waste. For example, an airport was upgrading the entrance, 3D laser scanning ensured that prefabricated components for the ceiling panel system fit perfectly, reducing the need for costly on-site adjustments.

Enhanced Collaboration

A shared 3D model based on laser scan data facilitates better communication and collaboration between design teams, contractors, and stakeholders, leading to informed decision-making and potential cost savings. Teams can interact with detailed models in real time, making it easier to brainstorm alternatives and arrive at consensus-driven solutions. During a hotel renovation, a 2D floorplan was delivered via SiteMap® so the client could download and share with the project team to facilitate communication and planning.

Site Analysis and Feasibility Assessment

By accurately capturing the existing site conditions, 3D laser scanning helps identify potential constraints and challenges early on, allowing for design adjustments to optimize project feasibility. A historic cathedral requested 3D laser scanning to document damage to the exterior stonework of its’ front façade.

Retrofitting and Renovation Planning

When working with existing buildings, laser scans provide a detailed understanding of the existing structure, enabling efficient planning for renovations or retrofits with minimal disruption. 3D laser scanning an existing facility during a retrofit project can provide immediate insights, allowing engineers to design modifications that optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize downtime.

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3D Laser Scanning Supports Every Stage of a Building's Lifecycle

Time is a critical factor in many projects, and delays often lead to increased costs. The speed and efficiency of 3D laser scanning allows teams to gather necessary data quickly, enabling faster analysis and decision-making.

Value engineering doesn’t have to end after the design is complete. It can add value through the lifecycle of a building. 3D laser scanning supports this by providing a digital record that can be revisited for maintenance, renovations, or future upgrades.

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Why Use GPRS 3D Laser Scanning Services?

3D laser scanning is fast, accurate and reliable. Three-dimensional data provides exact measurements of sites with a level of confidence and speed not possible with traditional tools. There’s no better way to drive decision making than to have accurate and intelligent, real-time data.

GPRS 3D Laser Scanning Services provide 2-4mm accuracy by capturing 2 million data points per second, for efficient planning, design, and construction. And our in-house Mapping & Modeling Team can export your data to create accurate existing condition as-builts – above and below ground – to give you the accurate information you need in a format you can easily work with and share to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

What can we help you visualize?

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Frequently Asked Questions?

How accurate is 3D laser scanning technology?

3D laser scanning provides a high level of accuracy, typically within millimeters, depending on the equipment and project requirements. This precision ensures reliable measurements for design, construction, and renovation projects.

Can 3D laser scanning be used for outdoor environments?

Yes, 3D laser scanning is highly versatile and can be used for both indoor and outdoor environments. It captures topographical features, infrastructure, and large-scale sites with accuracy, even under varying environmental conditions.

What industries benefit most from 3D laser scanning?

Industries such as construction, architecture, engineering, manufacturing, heritage preservation, and facilities management benefit significantly from 3D laser scanning, as it enhances project planning, documentation, and execution.

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Processing 3D laser scan data involves several key steps to transform raw point cloud data into usable deliverables, such as 3D models or 2D drawings. A structured workflow ensures 3D laser scan data is accurate, reliable, and ready for use in planning, design, or construction.

The workflow for delivering accurate and reliable GPRS data involves a meticulous process. From on-site 3D laser scanning to the final project delivery, a coordinated team effort ensures every step aligns with client needs and expectations.

Adam Silbaugh, GPRS 3D CAD Technician, helped us understand the processing of 3D laser scan data, workflows, and methodologies utilized by the Mapping & Modeling Team to ensure accurate data registration and precise deliverables. Below, we explore key aspects of this workflow, including data registration, deliverables, and delivery methods.

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How is 3D laser scan data processed?

After 3D laser scanning a project site, the next step is to process the raw point cloud data by registering the individual scans together, cleaning up any noise, and then converting it into a usable format like a 3D model or 2D drawing. The processing of point cloud data can be for tasks ranging from simple visualization to detailed 3D modeling, depending on the project's requirements.

The GPRS processing workflow was developed with an understanding of the importance of precision, collaboration, and planning in architecture, engineering, and construction projects. By leveraging 3D laser scanning equipment and software and a well-structured team approach, GPRS ensures efficient project execution and high-quality deliverables tailored to each client’s needs.

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How do we confirm pre-project planning and scope definition?

Clear and precise scope definitions are vital for a project’s success. Understanding the area to be scanned, the purpose of scanning, deliverables needed, and level of detail required ensures the delivery of successful 3D laser scanning projects that meet client expectations. Before creating deliverables, we review the project with our team.

• Sales to Execution Transition: The project scope is reviewed by the GPRS Sales and Mapping & Modeling Team. This step clarifies ambiguities and outlines site and deliverable requirements.
• Flagging Special Conditions: Specific project needs, such as higher resolution scans for reflected ceiling plans or survey control integration, are flagged early.
• Scanning Requirements: For example, distinguishing between color and grayscale scans ensures the correct mode is used on-site, avoiding the need for rescanning.

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Do we need to place targets during 3D laser scanning?

Black and white targets on fixed-height tripods are often placed at control points, benchmarks, or magnails so that they can be easily identified and scanned by the laser scanner. The scanner records the locations of these targets, and software later uses this data to correct and align the scans.

Silbaugh outlined that GPRS Project Managers primarily use targetless scanners, though they deploy targets in specific scenarios:

• Survey Control: Targets are used when tying into survey control provided by the client.
• Integration of Multiple Equipment: For instance, when integrating data from the NavVis VLX with other laser scanners, targets help align multiple datasets.

Targets allow laser scan data to be aligned with survey control points or a global coordinate system and aid in registering (aligning) data from multiple 3D laser scanners accurately.

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How is 3D laser scan data registered?

The registration process is a collaborative effort. Registering a 3D laser scan point cloud involves aligning multiple scans of the same area taken from different positions into a single, coherent point cloud. This typically involves using specialized software like Autodesk Recap to import the data and align the scans. The Mapping & Modeling Team uses the software to find overlapping areas between different scans where the same physical features are captured from slightly different angles, allowing the software to identify corresponding points.

Silbaugh says unwanted “noise” can be cleaned or deleted from the point cloud. Autodesk Recap software can isolate and delete extraneous data or noise, such as reflections, moving objects, or background clutter, leaving behind a refined point cloud representing the desired project area. Proper registration ensures that measurements taken from the 3D laser scans are accurate and the data can be exported for use in CAD or BIM applications like Revit or AutoCAD.

“Some clients desire only the registered point cloud. They do their own modeling, so they will ask us to scan something, register the point cloud, and deliver the data,” says Silbaugh.

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How are deliverables defined in projects?

A crucial part of any 3D laser scanning project is understanding the deliverables. Silbaugh explained that before site teams begin their work, a detailed scope of work is established.

Silbaugh emphasized the importance of understanding what the client truly needs. “Sometimes clients request a model without knowing exactly what it entails. We guide them through their options and conduct review meetings to manage expectations.” These review meetings often occur after scanning but before modeling, allowing clients to see preliminary data and refine their requirements.

During review meetings, the client's needs are translated into actionable tasks for the registration and modeling teams. For example, if a client requests a reflected ceiling plan, the team clarifies what specific details they need: beams, piping, lighting, ducts, vents, sprinkler lines, and other ceiling features. “This ensures that we’re not over-modeling or including unnecessary details, helping us tailor the deliverables and costs to the client’s exact needs,” Silbaugh noted.

The GPRS workflow contains clear task statuses to ensure the Mapping & Modeling Team can proceed without delays. Deliverables are prepared per client specifications, ensuring alignment with project goals.

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Should clients utilize 2D CAD or 3D Modeling?

The question of whether to create 2D sheets directly from point clouds or rely on 3D modeling often arises. Silbaugh highlighted the advantages of 3D modeling, particularly for quality control (QC). “QC is much harder with 2D drawings because ensuring they match the point cloud data is challenging,” he said. By using a 3D model, the team can ensure accuracy and provide a foundation for other potential uses, like exporting 2D sheets or further 3D integration. However, he acknowledged exceptions for clients requiring native CAD drawings.

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What software do clients utilize?

Revit and AutoCAD dominate client preferences, with Silbaugh estimating that 90–95% of clients request deliverables in these formats. ArchiCAD, though less common, poses additional complexities due to software interoperability. Silbaugh explained, “Clients using ArchiCAD often require virtual site visits because their tools may not support traditional viewing formats like TrueView.” MicroStation, Rhino, and SketchUp are sometimes requested by clients for projects. These programs are generally not the primary platforms used for processing or creating designs from 3D laser scan data. Instead, they are used as secondary tools for specific tasks, often requiring add-on software to visualize or manipulate the designs created elsewhere.

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What if the client already has 3D laser scan data?

Clients typically fall into two categories: those with no as-built data and those with existing data that needs verification. According to Silbaugh, most clients start from scratch or come with inaccurate data.

“A small percentage have existing data, but often it’s unreliable. In those cases, we’re careful to avoid pointing fingers and focus on delivering accurate scans,” Silbaugh says. When clients provide existing scan data, GPRS evaluates it before use. If deemed usable, the team models from it but includes disclaimers noting the data’s unverified status to avoid liability.

Through a combination of advanced 3D laser scan technology and coordinated client-team effort, the process of delivering GPRS data has become a refined art, delivering accurate point clouds, 2D CAD drawings, and 3D BIM models for every project.

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How is the data delivered?

Clients’ needs vary widely, from point clouds to intelligent 3D BIM models. Silbaugh notes that some clients handle their own modeling and only require raw scan data, while others depend on GPRS for complete solutions.

“We tailor our deliverables based on client requirements,” Silbaugh explains. “For example, smaller jobs might only require scanning, but larger projects often involve 2D plans and 3D BIM models.”

Data is efficiently transferred to clients via SiteMap^®, GPRS’ digital storage software and app, Sharefile, Cloud platforms, or mailed on a hard drive. We can offer technical support to assist the client in working with the scan data, especially if it’s their first time handling point clouds or 3D models.

Deliverables often include:‍

• Point Cloud Data
• 2D CAD Drawings
• 3D BIM Models
• 3D Mesh Models
• TruViews
• 3D Virtual Tours
• Advanced Analysis and Calculations

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What is the value of 3D laser scanning?

3D laser scanning offers immense value by providing precise, high-resolution data that enhances accuracy and efficiency across various industries. By capturing detailed spatial information in the form of point clouds, it enables architects, engineers, and construction professionals to create accurate as-built documentation, streamline design processes, and identify potential issues early in a project. This technology reduces errors, minimizes rework, and supports better decision-making, ultimately saving time and costs while improving project outcomes.

The 3D laser scanning and modeling of buildings brings excitement and value to clients, offering unparalleled insights into their projects. “Seeing their buildings digitally is a game-changer for many clients. It’s incredibly rewarding to deliver such impactful solutions.”

Through a combination of advanced 3D laser scan technology and coordinated client-team effort, the process of delivering GPRS data has become a refined art, delivering accurate point clouds, 2D CAD drawings, and 3D BIM models for every project.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is 3D laser scanning, and how does it work?

3D laser scanning is a technology that uses laser beams to capture accurate measurements of an object or space, creating a detailed digital representation called a point cloud. The scanner emits laser pulses, which bounce off surfaces, and measures the time it takes for the light to return, calculating precise distances and spatial relationships.

What are the benefits of using 3D laser scanning in construction and design?

3D laser scanning improves accuracy, saves time, and reduces costs by providing precise as-built documentation, enabling early clash detection, and supporting efficient design modifications. It also enhances collaboration by allowing teams to visualize and share models in real-time.

What types of deliverables can be generated from 3D laser scan data?

Deliverables include point clouds, 2D CAD drawings, and 3D BIM models. These outputs can be tailored to specific project needs, such as detailed floor plans, reflected ceiling plans, virtual walkthroughs, or 3D BIM models integrated into software like Revit or AutoCAD.

Deferred maintenance is a significant challenge for higher education institutions.

The backlog of repairs and updates often spans multiple buildings, infrastructure systems, and decades, creating logistical and financial hurdles.

Securing and centralizing your deferred maintenance records improves decision making, enhances collaboration, and ensures compliance with regulations.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is gaining popularity amongst facility managers in higher education as they attempt to corral data for the numerous buildings under their care. But most GIS platforms rely on user-provided data, leaving space for human error to lead to disastrous consequences.

SiteMap^® (patent pending), powered by GPRS, can provide a single source of truth for these records, allowing you and your team to collaborate with ease and mitigating the risk of costly and potentially dangerous mistakes caused by miscommunications.

The Importance of Deferred Maintenance Records

Deferred maintenance refers to necessary repairs or replacements that have been postponed due to budget constraints or other priorities. These delays can result in increased costs, diminished safety, and reduced operational efficiency over time. Accurate and accessible records are essential for several reasons:

• Informed Decision-Making: Administrators can prioritize projects based on urgency, cost, and impact
• Budgeting and Funding: Reliable data helps justify funding requests and allocate resources effectively
• Regulatory Compliance: Many higher education institutions must adhere to local, state, and federal regulations regarding building safety and accessibility
• Stakeholder Communication: Clear records enable transparent communication with boards, donors, and other stakeholders

Challenges in Managing Deferred Maintenance Records

Managing deferred maintenance records poses unique challenges for higher education institutions:

• Fragmentation: Records are often scattered across multiple systems, departments, or even physical locations
• Lack of Standardization: Different campuses or buildings may use varying formats and terminologies, complicating consolidation efforts
• Data Security: Protecting sensitive information, such as building schematics and equipment details, from cyber threats is critical
• Aging Infrastructure: Older buildings may lack comprehensive documentation, requiring additional effort to create or digitize records

Best Practices for Securing and Centralizing Records

To overcome these challenges, institutions should adopt a systematic approach to securing and centralizing deferred maintenance records. Here are key strategies:

Conduct a Comprehensive Audit

Before centralizing records, conduct a thorough audit of existing data. Identify:

• The types of records available (e.g., repair logs, condition assessments, maintenance schedules)
• The current storage locations (e.g., physical files, spreadsheets, digital systems)
• Gaps in documentation

A complete inventory helps establish a baseline for future efforts and ensures no critical data is overlooked.

Adopt a Centralized Digital Platform

A centralized digital platform, such as a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) or enterprise asset management (EAM) software, serves as the backbone of record management. These platforms offer several benefits:

• Unified Database: All records are stored in a single, searchable location
• Real-Time Updates: Data is updated instantly, reducing the risk of outdated information
• Accessibility: Authorized personnel can access records from any location
• Scalability: The platform can grow to accommodate additional data and users

Standardize Data Entry and Terminology

Consistency is crucial when consolidating records from multiple sources. Develop standardized templates and terminology for data entry. For example:

• Use consistent units of measurement
• Adopt a uniform naming convention for buildings, systems, and components
• Establish categories for prioritizing maintenance tasks (e.g., critical, non-critical)

Providing training for staff ensures compliance with these standards.

Enhance Data Security

Securing maintenance records is vital to protect against unauthorized access and data breaches. Implement robust cybersecurity measures, including:

• Encryption: Encrypt data at rest and in transit to prevent unauthorized access
• Access Controls: Use role-based access controls to restrict data to authorized personnel
• Regular Backups: Schedule automated backups to prevent data loss
• Monitoring: Deploy monitoring tools to detect and respond to suspicious activity

Compliance with relevant data protection regulations, such as FERPA or GDPR, is also essential.

Digitize and Archive Historical Records

For institutions with extensive paper-based records, digitization is a critical step. Use scanning and optical character recognition (OCR) technology to convert documents into searchable digital files. Once digitized:

• Organize records into logical categories
• Archive obsolete or redundant data to reduce clutter

This process preserves historical information while making it more accessible and secure.

Integrate with Other Systems

Deferred maintenance records often intersect with other institutional systems, such as:

• Capital Planning: To align maintenance priorities with long-term funding
• Energy Management: To identify efficiency upgrades during maintenance
• Risk Management: To mitigate safety and liability concerns

Integrating these systems ensures a holistic approach to facilities management.

Implement Predictive Maintenance

Advanced tools, such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and predictive analytics, can enhance record management by:

• Monitoring equipment performance in real time
• Alerting staff to potential issues before they escalate
• Reducing unplanned downtime and extending asset lifespans

Integrating these tools with the centralized platform adds another layer of efficiency.

Foster a Culture of Accountability

Institutional support is essential for the success of a centralized system. Encourage accountability by:

• Assigning clear roles and responsibilities for record management
• Setting performance metrics and regularly reviewing progress
• Promoting the benefits of accurate records to all stakeholders

SiteMap^® Helps You Maintain Your Higher Education Campus

SiteMap^® is a complete geospatial solution for facility and campus management. It combines the accurate, complete, field-verified data collected by GPRS’ SIM and NASSCO-certified Project Managers with a secure platform that’s easily accessible 24/7 from any computer, tablet, or smartphone.

With SiteMap^®, you and your team can plan, design, manage, dig, and ultimately build better.

Click below to schedule your live, personal SiteMap^® demo today!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Benefits of Underground Utility Mapping?

Having an updated and accurate map of your subsurface infrastructure reduces accidents, budget overruns, change orders, and project downtime caused by dangerous and costly subsurface damage.

How does SiteMap^® assist with Utility Mapping?

SiteMap^®, powered by GPRS, is the industry-leading infrastructure management program. It is a single source of truth, housing the 99.8%+ accurate utility locating, concrete scanning, video pipe inspection, leak detection, and 3D laser scanning data our Project Managers collect on your job site. And the best part is you get a complimentary SiteMap^® Personal Subscription when GPRS performs a utility locate for you.

Click here to learn more.

Does SiteMap^® Work with my Existing GIS Platform?

SiteMap^® allows for exporting of data to SHP, GeoJSON, GeoPackage, and DXF directly from any user’s account that either owns or has a job shared to their account. All these file formats can be imported and utilized by other GIS packages if manually imported by the user. More information can be found at SiteMap.com.

Moss Landing, California’s lithium-ion battery (LIB) storage facility, one of the largest in the world and part of the Moss Landing Power Plant, began burning on January 16, 2024. Monterey County officials responded by declaring a state of emergency and ordering the evacuation of approximately 1,200 residents to protect them from inhaling “toxic smoke” from a plume that was released as the flames consumed some 75% of the battery plant.

Cautious optimism and citizens returned when the evacuation order was lifted by the Monterey County Sheriff’s office on the evening of January 19th. Highway 1, also known as the Pacific Coast Highway, a critical route connecting communities from San Juan Capistrano to Eureka, re-opened as well.

The plant, located about 18 miles from Monterey and 77 miles from San Francisco, is owned by Vistra Energy, which is based in Irving, Texas. It contained “tens of thousands of lithium batteries” used to store electricity produced by renewable energy sources like solar panels, and were an important part of the region’s power grid.

According to the California Energy Commission, as of September of 2024, the state boasted 13,391MW (megawatt hours) of cumulative battery storage capacity. That’s enough capacity to power 13 million California homes. The Moss Landing facility expanded its capacity to 750MW in 2023, making it, according to parent company Vistra Energy, “the largest battery storage facility of its kind in the world.”

How Do Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems Work?

If you wonder how the same technology used to power your smartphone can store tens of thousands of megawatt hours of electricity to supply major electrical grid needs, you are not alone.

National Grid, an international energy company that provides renewable energy alternatives in the U.S. and U.K., says, “Lithium-ion batteries, which are used in mobile phones and electric cars, are currently the dominant storage technology for large scale plants to help electricity grids ensure a reliable supply of renewable energy… Battery energy storage systems are considerably more advanced than the batteries you keep in your kitchen drawer or insert into your children’s toys. A battery storage system can be charged by electricity generated from renewable energy like wind and solar power.”

The fundamentals of how the LIB cells store power is simple. Each cell is made up of a lithium cathode, which acts as the positive electrode, and a carbon anode, which provides the negative electrode. When electricity flows into them, a series of chemical reactions occur that allow the cell to accumulate and store that power.

Unlike traditional home alkaline batteries, lithium cells have a high energy density and efficiency in charging and discharging. A group of LIB cells is called a module. A single module can exceed 90% efficiency. LIB batteries also allow for modularity, a term that means the cells can be scaled into modules or packs with interchangeable and/or stackable components that can be tailored to meet electricity needs.

This modularity makes LIBs ideal for storing large quantities of energy. However, that capacity does not come without risk.

How “Thermal Runaway” May Have Accelerated the Fire

Fires like Moss Landing’s, fueled by the lithium-ion batteries it consumed, burn extremely hot, move fast, and as mentioned, create toxic plumes that can be extremely dangerous. Experts in the renewable energy sector refer to these fires as “thermal runaway.” In thermal runaway, lithium-ion batteries’ casings become pressurized due to the consumption of its organic electrolyte. The pressurized casing then gives way, releasing its highly flammable and toxic contents. Should enough cells be compromised by extreme heat, the chain reaction of thermal runaway occurs. It is considered “unstoppable.”  

The fire burned hot and fast enough that the facility’s fire suppression system was unable to dampen it. Initially, it seemed to have burned out late on the night of the 16th, but flared to life again on the 17th. Luckily, according to Monterey County’s Nicholas Pasculli, the fire itself never reached beyond the boundaries of the facility.

Are Lithium-Ion Storage Facilities Safe?

LIB facilities are part of the broader class of energy storage systems (ESS) that can store clean/green energy and release it for use. According to information at cleanpower.org, run by the American Clean Power Association (ACP), a group dedicated to removing clean power barriers to accelerate its growth, as of the third quarter of 2023, utility-scale storage capacity had grown to seven times its capacity in 2020.

Because the technology is both fast-growing and new to most utility consumers, questions about safety are inevitable.

Although the risk of thermal runaway exists with any LIB fire, “cell failure rates are extremely low, and safety features in today’s designs further reduce the probability of fires.” Many ESSs use lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) rather than the nickel-manganese-cobalt configuration found in many electric vehicles (EVs).

The International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) provides recommendations for standard operating procedures should an LIB fire occur. Those procedures include a pre incident plan, including disconnect locations, verification of building and installation codes, specifically the NFPA 1 Fire Code and NFPA 855, use of PPE, including SCBA with face piece, avoiding potential vapor clouds, evacuation of the area, and defense nearby structures.

They strongly advise that no firefighter enter an LIB facility fire location due to both the extreme temperatures and toxins.

With the Moss Landing Fire, local officials are calling for “transparency and accountability,” while one Monterey County official called it the “worst case scenario.” The American Clean Power Association pushed back against that narrative, reminding reporters at Utility Dive that throughout the entire U.S. there have only been 20 fire-related incidents at ESS facilities in the last decade, even while lithium-ion storage has exceeded 25,000% growth since 2018.

Did the L.A. Wildfires Have Anything to Do with the Moss Landing Fire?

For those outside California, it is easy to assume that the Moss Landing fire might have something to do with the Palisades and Easton Fires in L.A. However, Los Angeles is more than 318 miles south of Moss Landing. The battery plant fire is not related, and its cause is still unknown, but North County Fire Protection District Chief Joel Mendoza briefed the press on January 17th, saying that a fire suppression system in one of the facilities battery racks had failed, which allowed it to spread.

A spokesperson for Vistra shared the following with CBS News: “An investigation will begin once the fire is extinguished.”

GPRS is the nation's largest provider of existing conditions documentation, damage prevention, and project & facility management solutions for architecture, engineering, commercial construction, and related industries. It's our mission to Intelligently Visualize The Built World® for our customers.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How Does GPRS Support Grid Expansion and Renewable Microgrid Construction?

GPRS supports grid expansion and renewable microgrid construction by providing precise utility locating, concrete scanning, and 3D laser scanning services that give renewable energy providers and power distributors the existing conditions data they need. These services ensure safe and efficient installation of infrastructure components, such as transmission and distribution lines, by accurately identifying existing underground utilities and structural elements. This approach minimizes risks during construction and maintenance phases, facilitating seamless integration of renewable energy sources into the grid.

Does GPRS Provide Services for EV Charging Stations?

Yes, GPRS offers services for EV charging stations. They have collaborated with major companies like Tesla, ChargePoint, EVgo, and Electrify America to provide underground utility locating using advanced scanning technology. This ensures the safe and efficient installation of EV charging infrastructure by accurately identifying existing underground utilities and potential obstacles.

Post-tensioned concrete slabs are widely used in construction due to their strength, flexibility, and ability to span larger areas without the need for additional support.

These slabs are reinforced with high-strength steel tendons, which are tensioned after the concrete has been poured and cured. While this design offers numerous benefits, it also poses unique challenges and risks when modifications, such as sawing, are required.

Sawing into post-tensioned slabs demands careful planning, specialized knowledge, and adherence to safety protocols to prevent accidents, structural damage, or costly repairs.

Understanding Post-Tensioned Slabs

What Are Post-Tensioned Slabs?

Post-tensioned slabs are concrete structures reinforced with steel tendons encased in ducts or sheathing. After the concrete has cured, these tendons are tensioned using hydraulic jacks to introduce compressive forces into the slab, which counteract tensile stresses caused by loads. This system enhances the slab's performance and durability.

Risks of Sawing Post-Tensioned Slabs

The primary risk in cutting a post-tensioned slab is damaging the steel tendons. Cutting or nicking a tendon can result in the following:

• Sudden Release of Tension: Severing a tendon can cause it to recoil violently, posing a serious safety hazard
• Structural Compromise: Damaged tendons reduce the slab's load-bearing capacity and may require costly repairs
• Legal and Financial Consequences: Unintended damage to post-tensioning systems can lead to project delays, increased costs, and liability issues

Steps for Safely Sawing Concrete in Post-Tensioned Slabs

1. Conduct a Thorough Assessment

Before beginning any cutting operation, a detailed assessment of the slab is essential. This includes:

• Reviewing Construction Documents: Obtain the original construction drawings and post-tensioning layout plans. These documents indicate the locations of the tendons and anchor points
• Conducting a Site Inspection: Verify that the slab matches the drawings. Look for markings or signs that indicate tendon placement
• Engaging a Structural Engineer: If plans are unavailable or unclear, consult a structural engineer to assess the slab and provide guidance

2. Hire a Professional Concrete Scanning Company

Accurate identification of tendon locations is critical to avoid damaging them. So, it’s vital to hire a professional concrete scanning company with the tools and training to locate and map PT cable.

Tools used by professional concrete scanning companies include:

• ‍Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR): This technology uses radar pulses to detect tendons and other embedded elements in the concrete
• ‍X-Ray Imaging: While more expensive, time-consuming, and potentially dangerous due to the danger of radiation exposure, X-ray imaging provides highly detailed information about the slab’s internal structure
• Magnetic Locators: These tools can detect the steel tendons within the slab, although they may be less precise than GPR or X-ray.

Properly trained concrete scanning technicians should provide you with clear, accurate data on where you can and can’t safely cut or core into your concrete slab.

3. Develop a Cutting Plan

Based on your own assessment and the results of the concrete scanning company’s investigation, create a detailed cutting plan that:

• Avoids Tendon Paths: Plan cuts to steer clear of tendons whenever possible
• Specifies Cutting Depth: Determine the required depth of the cut and ensure it does not interfere with the tendons or ducts
• Considers Load Redistribution: Assess the impact of the cuts on the slab’s structural integrity and load distribution. Consult a structural engineer if necessary

4. Use the Right Equipment

Specialized equipment is required for cutting post-tensioned slabs safely:

• Diamond Blades: These blades are ideal for cutting concrete and offer precision and durability
• Track Saws: These saws provide accurate, controlled cuts and are particularly useful for large-scale projects
• Hand-Held Saws: For smaller or more intricate cuts, hand-held saws with diamond blades may be appropriate
• Vacuum Systems: Use dust collection systems to maintain a clean work environment and comply with OSHA regulations regarding silica dust exposure

Ensure that all equipment is in good working condition and that operators are trained in its use.

5. Implement Safety Measures

Safety is paramount when working with post-tensioned slabs. Key precautions include:

• ‍Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Workers should wear hard hats, safety goggles, gloves, hearing protection, and respiratory masks
• Tendon Release Protocols: Develop a plan for safely releasing tension if a tendon must be intentionally cut. This should only be performed under the supervision of a qualified professional
• Clear Communication: Ensure that all workers understand the cutting plan and are aware of the tendon locations and potential hazards
• Emergency Procedures: Have a response plan in place for potential accidents, including tendon recoil or structural instability.

6. Monitor and Adjust During Cutting

While cutting, continuously monitor the process to ensure alignment with the plan:

• Check for Vibrations: Excessive vibrations may indicate interference with a tendon or other embedded elements. Stop immediately and reassess if this occurs
• Inspect Progress: Regularly inspect the cut to ensure it follows the planned path and depth
• Stay Alert: Operators should remain vigilant for any signs of tendon exposure or unexpected slab behavior

Post-Cutting Considerations

Inspect the Slab

After completing the cutting work, inspect the slab to ensure no tendons were inadvertently damaged. Use NDT methods to verify the integrity of the post-tensioning system.

Repair and Reinforce as Needed

If any damage occurs, perform necessary repairs under the guidance of a structural engineer. This may involve:

• Replacing or splicing damaged tendons
• Applying structural reinforcement
• Using epoxy injections to seal cracks or voids

Document the Work

Maintain detailed records of the cutting process, including:

• Concrete scanning findings
• Cutting plans
• Equipment used
• Safety measures implemented
• Post-cutting inspections and repairs

This documentation is valuable for future reference and can help avoid disputes or liability issues.

How GPRS Helps Ensure Safe Concrete Sawing & Drilling

GPRS provides precision concrete scanning services to help ensure you can cut and/or core with confidence.

Utilizing GPR scanning, our SIM-certified Project Managers can provide you with an accurate understanding of what’s embedded within your concrete slabs. We’ve achieved and maintained a 99.8%+ rate of accuracy when performing concrete imaging services.

We’re so confident in our concrete scanning process that we introduced the Green Box Guarantee. When we place a Green Box within a layout prior to you anchoring or coring concrete, we guarantee that the area will be free of obstructions

If we’re wrong, we will pay the cost of the damage.

At GPRS, safety is always on our radar. We’re so committed to ensuring the safety of you and your team that we created and sponsor Concrete Sawing & Drilling Safety Week. Each January, our safety experts come to your job sites and offices to teach you more about the best practices for safely cutting and coring concrete.

Click here to learn more about this complimentary concrete safety training and schedule your CSDSW talk today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can GPR determine the difference between rebar and electrical conduit?

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can accurately differentiate between rebar and electrical conduit in most cases. We have an extremely high success rate in identifying electrical lines in supported slabs or slabs-on-grade before saw cutting or core drilling.

Additionally, GPRS can use electromagnetic (EM) locators to determine the location of conduits in the concrete. If we can transmit a signal onto the metal conduit, we can locate it with pinpoint accuracy. We can also find the conduit passively if a live electrical current runs through it.

The combined use of GPR and EM locators allows us to provide one of the most comprehensive and accurate conduits locating services available.

How is GPR used to identify tendons vs. rebar in a post-tensioned slab?

In post-tensioned structures, we typically find one mat of support rebar near the base of the slab. This mat is generally consistently spaced and remains at a constant elevation. Post-tension cables are generally found above this support mat and “draped” throughout the rest of the structure. The elevation of the cable is usually high near the beams and column lines and drapes lower through the span between beams and column lines. Knowledge of these structural differences allows us to accurately differentiate between components. Our Project Managers will leave you feeling confident in our findings and in your ability to drill or cut without issue.

GPRS’ precision leak detection services helped a municipality in California mitigate an early-morning leak emergency.

GPRS Project Manager Rolando Medina was called to a neighborhood in the Golden State just after 6 a.m. on December 30, when the client was alerted to water surfacing between the asphalt road and sidewalks.

The problem area spanned approximately 300 linear feet (LF), and there was no evidence indicating a precise location for the leak within that area.

Municipal water distribution systems consist of extensive networks of pipes buried underground. These pipes are subject to various stressors, including ground movement, corrosion, temperature changes, and external pressure from construction activities. Over time, these issues can lead to the formation of leaks.

Detecting these leaks early is crucial to preventing non-revenue water (NRW) loss, soil erosion, contamination of drinking water, and other problems that can endanger a community, lead to increased repair costs, and more.

Medina deployed both acoustic leak detection and leak detection correlators to find the leak in the municipal system.

Acoustic leak detection is among the oldest and most commonly employed techniques for locating leaks in buried water pipes. It operates on the principle that pressurized water escaping from a pipe generates a characteristic sound. These leak noises travel through the pipe material and the surrounding soil, where they can be identified using specialized tools.

When conducting acoustic leak detection, GPRS Project Managers use sensitive listening devices, such as ground microphones or acoustic sensors, to detect the sound of water escaping from a pipe. These devices can pick up the vibrations and noises caused by the leak, even when they are not audible to the human ear.

The detected sounds are analyzed to distinguish between typical background noise and specific frequencies associated with leaks. Factors such as the type of pipe material, soil conditions, and the size of the leak can affect the sound’s characteristics.

By moving the sensors along the pipeline and comparing the intensity and frequency of the sounds, GPRS Project Managers can estimate the leak’s location with a high degree of accuracy.

Leak detection, or leak noise correlators represent a more advanced and precise evolution of acoustic leak detection. These devices use sophisticated algorithms and sensors to pinpoint the exact location of leaks with greater accuracy, even in challenging conditions.

Correlators use two more sensors placed at different points along the pipe. These sensors detect the sound of the leak as it travels through the pipe. The sensors transmit the detected sound signals to a central unit, which records the time it takes for the sound to reach each sensor.

The central unit uses cross-correlation analysis to compare the signals from the sensors. By calculating the difference in the time it takes for the leak noise to reach each sensor, the correlator can determine the leak’s precise location. The correlator displays the results on a digital interface, showing the leak’s estimated position along the pipeline. Some advanced correlators also provide information about the leak’s size and the condition of the pipe.

GPRS’ ability to rapidly mobilize to any job site anywhere in the U.S., combined with our Project Managers’ advanced knowledge and training, allowed us to use acoustic leak detection and leak detection correlators to pinpoint the neighborhood’s leak so it could be quickly repaired.

“We swiftly pinpointed the precise locations for our clients to commence excavation and repair the line,” Medina said. “Upon [the excavation crew] removing the asphalt and delving into the base, a pool of water became evident. After draining the water from the cavity, minimal digging revealed the source of the leak.”

Medina said that the surfacing water was the result of a service line which had been leaking for some time until it eventually broke off from the water main connection. Without GPRS’ leak detection services pinpointing the source of the leak, repair crews would have had to conduct exploratory excavation that would have torn up a large portion of the neighborhood’s street and sidewalks, inconveniencing residents and leading to costly and time-consuming repairs.

Instead, the leaking pipe was quickly repaired with minimal surface damage.

GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World^® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can GPRS determine the size of a located leak?

After reviewing thousands of previously detected leaks, we requested clients to share photos of the remediation process. This information has allowed us to compare the final leak signals detected with the actual leak outcomes. We estimate the size of the leak based on how far the leak signal travels between contact points and the pitch of the tone received. However, we do not provide formal leak size estimations.

Why does GPRS often perform leak detection services in the early hours of the morning?

Our acoustic listening equipment is extremely sensitive, amplifying both leak signals and other noises that can obscure them during the day. In urban environments, ambient noise is often substantial, including sounds from airplanes, traffic, lawnmowers, machinery, and, most critically, water usage by residents. It falls to the Leak Detector to decide whether nighttime work is necessary to reduce background noise and focus solely on detecting the leak signal.

How confident is GPRS in the results of their leak detection investigations?

We have established a robust leak detection methodology and are confident in the accuracy of our leak location markings when all criteria are satisfied using our available technologies.

How many miles of water pipe can GPRS test in one day?

The length of pipe we can test largely depends on the Leak Detector's experience. Team members with extensive expertise can inspect up to 10 miles of metallic pipe (Cast Iron/Ductile) in a single day. Skilled Leak Detectors can assess a contact point, such as a hydrant or valve, in under a minute before proceeding to the next. Their efficiency comes from specialized training that enables them to distinguish the unique tone of a leak from the myriad of noises in the surrounding environment.

Why don’t I see any water at the location where GPRS has pinpointed as the leak?

Water naturally follows the path of least resistance, often flowing through cracks in subsurface rock or entering storm, sanitary, and conduit piping. In areas with a high sand content, it tends to travel even farther. In over 99% of the leaks we identify, no water is visible on the surface.

Electrical contractors generated record levels of revenue in 2023, according to data from one of the top industry publications.

The 2024 EC&M Top 50 Electrical Contractors – a ranking based on reported annual revenue – logged a record $51.737 billion in revenue in 2023, up nearly 18% from the $43.888 billion reported in 2022 by the 2023 EC&M Top 50.

According to EC&M, this is the sharpest year-over-year revenue increase on record for the cohort aside from the pandemic rebound in 2021.

“Recovery from the pandemic in the form of project resumption might have padded the revenue figure, but a strong-economy-fueled construction market was a clear contributor,” writes EC&M’s Tom Zind. “Despite ongoing construction labor challenges, stubborn inflation, elevated interest rates, supply chain glitches, and ample underlying worries about what lay around the bend, 2023 was a year of continued building in a resilient and seemingly robust U.S. economy.”

Each of the top 12 contractors on EC&M’s list generated over a million dollars in sales in 2023. The top 3 contractors were unchanged from the prior year’s rankings, with Houston, Texas-based Quanta Services retaining the top spot and generating $11,800,000,000 in revenue in 2023 – over $8,000,000,000 more than next closest contractor.

Norwalk, Connecticut’s Emcor made the largest leap of any electrical contractors on the list – they went from outside the Top 50 in the 2023 list to fourth in 2024 with $2,783,723,000 in revenue in 2023.

According to EC&M, nearly 87% of electrical firms rated the overall business climate in 2023 as “strong,” up 13 percentage points from last year. These firms cited a range of reasons for their optimism, including a solid enough underlying construction demand, continued evidence of electrical’s expanding profile in projects, and the steady emergence of broad “electrification” of the economy as an overarching trend.

“The construction industry, including electrical contracting, is in a relatively good place right now,” says Chuck Goodrich, CEO of Gaylor Electric (No. 25), Indianapolis. “We’ve seen the essential nature of this industry over the past several years, and the business climate looks promising, especially within the manufacturing and data markets. As we progress through 2024, we are seeing exceptional growth and potential.”

Greg Padalecki, CEO of San Antonio, Texas-based Alterman, Inc. (No. 32 on the list), told the publication that his company may be more selective in the year ahead with cost pressures rising in a demand-driven market.

“It’s a good time for the industry,” he said. “It’s now a lot about understanding when to say no. We’re regularly approached by customers that want to give us projects, but we have to look at resources available and make a responsible decision. We don’t want to overextend ourselves when it’s a constant challenge to maintain margins.”

According to EC&M’s data, contractors continue to view data centers, manufacturing, and health care as the hottest markets and private office, retail, and hospitality the slowest.

Jeff Thiede, president and CEO of Everus Construction Group (No. 5), says that data center work looks unstoppable and established utility clients are poised for a capital spending boom as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud storage, renewables, and electrification demands grow.

“These clients expect us to be a solutions provider, be proactive and a true partner, and we have highly skilled people ready to deliver,” he said.

GPRS supports the work of electrical contractors of all sizes through our comprehensive suite of subsurface damage prevention, existing conditions documentation, and construction & facilities project management services.

Utilizing state-of-the-art technology like ground penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic (EM) locating, and 3D laser scanning, we provide you with the accurate and complete, above & belowground infrastructure data you need to keep your projects on track. And all this data is at your fingertips 24/7 thanks to SiteMap^® (patent pending), our project & facility management application that provides accurate existing conditions documentation to protect your assets and people.

GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World^® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can GPRS locate PVC piping and other non-conductive utilities?

Yes! Using ground penetrating radar (GPR) scanning, we can locate all types of subsurface materials. And during those times when PVC piping does not provide an adequate signal for GPR scanning to properly locate, we can use alternative technologies such as electromagnetic (EM) locating to find the utility.

Can GPR be used to verify known measurements?

We can use GPR to cross-check the measured depth and location of a located utility with existing as-built plans to verify the accuracy of plans.

Can GPR determine the difference between rebar and electrical conduit?

Ground penetrating radar can accurately differentiate between rebar and electrical conduit in most cases. We have an extremely high success rate in identifying electrical lines in supported slabs or slabs-on-grade before saw cutting or core drilling.

Additionally, GPRS can use EM locators to determine the location of conduits in the concrete. If we can transmit a signal onto the metal conduit, we can locate it with pinpoint accuracy. We can also find the conduit passively if a live electrical current runs through it.

The combined use of GPR and EM induction allows us to provide one of the most comprehensive and accurate conduits locating services available.

What deliverables can GPRS provide when conducting 3D laser scanning?

We can provide 3D modeling in many formats such as:

• Point Cloud Data (Raw Data)
• 2D CAD Drawings
• 3D Non-Intelligent Models
• 3D BIM Models
• JetStream Viewer

Customizable deliverables upon request include:

• Aerial Photogrammetry
• Comparative Analysis
• Deformation Analysis
• Digital Drawings of GPR Markings
• Floor Flatness Analysis/Contour Mapping
• New Construction Accuracy Analysis/Comparative Analysis
• Point Cloud Modeling Training Webinars
• Reconciliation of Clients 2D Design Drawings
• Reconciliation of Clients 3D Design Model
• Structural Steel Shape Probability Analysis
• Template Modeling
• Volume Calculations
• Wall Plumb Analysis

GPRS’ professional pipe inspection services recently helped an airport in Michigan ensure the integrity of its expansive stormwater system.

Project Manager Andy Jurski inspected and mapped roughly 60,000 linear feet of storm lines and related infrastructure at Flint Bishop International Airport (FNT), where officials were looking to gain an understanding of their system’s integrity prior to undertaking planned improvement projects.

“They had never had their lines expected, their storm lines,” Jurski explained. “They wanted to get eyes on their lines as they do have some projects coming up… Some of these lines could be close to 100 years old… [and] they’ve never had eyes inside the pipes.”

The airport had thankfully not experienced any major incidents related to the degradation of their stormwater system, but they had experienced sinkholes in a field near the runway caused by pipes separating and other issues commonly related to aging infrastructure.

“They wanted to [focus] on any line about 18” [in diameter] or bigger,” Jurski said.

GPRS has a comprehensive suite of sewer and stormwater line inspection services – including video pipe inspections (VPI), smoke testing, and dye tracing – to help you gain a comprehensive understanding of the infrastructure below your feet.

Jurski primarily deployed our VPI service at the airport. This inspection service uses industry-leading remote video (CCTV) cameras to assess conditions and prevent problems in water, sanitary and storm sewer, and lateral pipelines. Our NASSCO-certified Project Managers scope your sewers to locate clogs, identify cross bores, find structural defects & damages, and conduct lateral sewer line inspections.

Jurski began his inspection of the airport’s storm system by conducting a site walk. Then, over the next two months, he inspected and mapped the system, providing the airport and the engineering firm it had hired with updated drawings, maps, and video and photographic evidence of all defects within the lines.

“They even had a culvert going underneath a runway that was about 17’ tall by 32’ wide, that we were able to do an inspection with [our] equipment,” he said. “We provided inspection on all 60,000 LF that they were looking at and were able to map and update their drawings. There were several lines that they showed going a certain way that were not there or were capped off, or actually went another way.”

Jurski was also able to inspect and map the buried lines and valves that are part of the airport’s deicing system.

“When they de-ice planes, they’ve got to be able to have that de-icing solution go to deicing holding tanks,” he explained. “The site had that, but you’ve got to make sure the valves are working. We were able to see some of the valves had stuff stuck in them, so they were able to get them cleaned and then we were able to put the camera in there and see the valves were actually functioning as they should be. That way they guarantee the contaminants of the de-icing solution would not go out into creeks and rivers and waterways and contaminate groundwater.”

All the data Jurski collected on site was compiled into a detailed, NASSCO-compliant WinCan report. In this report, all defects and other issues identified within a storm or sewer system are geolocated, ranked by severity, and documented with both photo and video evidence.

“We found a lot of collapsed pipes, and joints separated,” Jurski said. “We didn’t find anything that would mean issues to the integrity, or affect air traffic as it is – thankfully, it’s all stuff that’s off to the sides – but it’s stuff that could be very concerning during normal maintenance on site like mowing the grass, animal control, things like that. We also found where stuff is seeping in. They’ve got encrustations building up on joints, stuff that’s more operational like they need to get the lines cleaned so that way they don’t have to worry about future build-ups on lines that could create like a dam inside there as debris goes down the line.”

Airport personnel and their contractors will be able to view all this data 24/7, from any computer, smartphone or tablet thanks to SiteMap^® (patent pending), GPRS’ project & facility management application that provides accurate existing conditions documentation to protect assets and people.

With SiteMap^®, critical infrastructure data is accessible and securely shareable, allowing even the largest and most complex facilities and campuses to eliminate the costly and potentially dangerous mistakes caused by miscommunications.

Jurski said that officials at Flint Bishop International Airport recognized the importance of having all their site data in one single source of truth – especially when they learned that their long-time facility manager was going to be retiring and taking his decades of knowledge with him.

“This gentleman had been at this airport for, as we were joking, a lifetime,” Jurski explained. “So, the gentleman that knew where all the utilities were on site is now retired, and they’re going to have to rely on maps instead of calling up this guy and saying, ‘Hey, where’s this line at?’ Now they don’t have that opportunity, but with SiteMap^®… with this, they’re able to decipher which lines went to each outfall. So, if there’s an emergency on site, they know where to take and block off a line where they’ll know it won’t get into a creek, river, watersheds, anything like that.”

From storm lines to skyscrapers, GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World^® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What deliverables does GPRS offer when conducting a video pipe inspection (VPI)?

GPRS is excited to offer WinCan reporting as a valuable resource for our Video Pipe Inspection clients. Effective sewer maintenance begins with a clear understanding of sewer conditions, and WinCan enables GPRS Project Managers to gather detailed, NASSCO-compliant inspection data. Beyond assessing the interior condition of sewer pipes, laterals, and manholes, GPRS Project Managers can also generate precise location maps. Additionally, the GPRS Mapping & Modeling Department provides comprehensive GPS overlays and CAD files. Our thorough WinCan/NASSCO reports include interior pipe condition screenshots and a video file for in-depth evaluation, documentation, or future reference.

What size pipes can GPRS inspect?

Our NASSCO-certified Project Managers can inspect pipes from 2” in diameter and up.