Water intrusion is one of the most common and potentially damaging issues that facility managers face. Left unchecked, it can lead to structural damage, mold growth, and even health hazards for occupants.
For facility managers, effectively identifying and mitigating water intrusion is essential to maintaining the integrity of the building and ensuring the safety and comfort of its users.
Understanding Water Intrusion
Water intrusion refers to the unwanted inflow/infiltration (I/I) of water into a building's interior, typically through the building envelope—the barrier that separates the interior of the building from the external environment. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including faulty construction, poor maintenance, or extreme weather conditions. Identifying water intrusion early is crucial because the longer it goes unnoticed, the more extensive and costly the damage can become.
Identifying Water Intrusion
Early detection of water intrusion is the first step in mitigating its impact. Facility managers should implement regular inspections and monitoring to catch potential issues before they escalate. Here are several ways to identify water intrusion:
1. Visual Inspections
Routine visual inspections are one of the most straightforward and effective methods for detecting water intrusion. Facility managers should regularly inspect roofs, walls, foundations, windows, and doors for signs of water damage, such as:
- Stains and Discoloration: Look for water stains on ceilings, walls, and floors. These stains are often brownish in color and can indicate leaks.
- Peeling Paint or Wallpaper: Moisture behind walls can cause paint or wallpaper to peel, bubble, or warp.
- Cracks in Walls or Foundation: Cracks, especially in the foundation, can allow water to seep into the building. Look for any changes in the size or appearance of existing cracks.
- Efflorescence: This white, powdery substance can appear on masonry surfaces when water seeps through and evaporates, leaving behind mineral deposits.
2. Moisture Meters
Moisture meters are tools that can measure the moisture content in building materials. They are particularly useful in detecting water intrusion in areas that are not visible to the naked eye. Facility managers can use moisture meters to assess the moisture levels in walls, floors, and ceilings, identifying potential problem areas before visible damage occurs.
3. Infrared Thermography
Infrared thermography is a more advanced method of detecting water intrusion. It uses thermal imaging cameras to identify temperature differences in building materials, which can indicate the presence of moisture. This technique is especially useful for detecting hidden leaks behind walls or in ceilings where water intrusion might not yet be visible.
4. Monitoring Humidity Levels
High indoor humidity levels can be a sign of water intrusion, particularly if the building is not located in a naturally humid climate. Facility managers should monitor humidity levels in different parts of the building using hygrometers. Consistently high humidity levels could indicate that moisture is entering the building and not being properly ventilated.
5. Regular Roof Inspections
The roof is one of the most common points of water intrusion, so regular roof inspections are essential. Facility managers should check for damaged or missing shingles, cracks in the flashing, clogged gutters, and any other signs of wear and tear that could allow water to penetrate the building envelope.
Mitigating Water Intrusion
Once water intrusion has been identified, it is critical to take immediate action to mitigate its effects. The following strategies can help facility managers address existing water intrusion issues and prevent future occurrences:
1. Repairing Leaks and Cracks
The first step in mitigating water intrusion is to repair any leaks or cracks that have been identified. This could involve patching cracks in the foundation, replacing damaged roofing materials, or resealing windows and doors. For significant repairs, it may be necessary to hire professional contractors who specialize in water damage restoration.
2. Improving Drainage Systems
Proper drainage is essential for preventing water from pooling near the building’s foundation. Facility managers should ensure that gutters, downspouts, and drainage systems are functioning correctly and are free of debris. Additionally, the landscape around the building should be graded to direct water away from the structure.
3. Waterproofing Vulnerable Areas
Waterproofing is a proactive approach to preventing water intrusion in areas that are particularly vulnerable, such as basements, foundations, and roofs. Applying waterproof coatings or membranes to these areas can create a barrier that prevents water from penetrating the building envelope. In high-risk areas, such as those prone to flooding, it may also be advisable to install sump pumps and other water removal systems.
4. Regular Maintenance and Inspections
Preventative maintenance is one of the most effective ways to mitigate water intrusion. Facility managers should establish a routine maintenance schedule that includes regular inspections of the roof, plumbing systems, windows, doors, and foundation. Catching small issues early can prevent them from developing into larger, more costly problems.
5. Installing and Maintaining HVAC Systems
Proper ventilation is key to controlling indoor humidity levels and preventing condensation, which can lead to water intrusion. Facility managers should ensure that the building’s HVAC systems are adequately sized and functioning correctly to maintain appropriate humidity levels. Regular maintenance of these systems, including cleaning and replacing filters, is also essential.
6. Educating Occupants
Occupants can play a critical role in identifying and reporting potential water intrusion issues. Facility managers should educate occupants about the signs of water intrusion and encourage them to report any concerns immediately. Quick action in response to occupant reports can prevent minor issues from becoming major problems.
Documenting and Responding to Water Intrusion Incidents
When water intrusion is detected, it is important to document the issue thoroughly and respond promptly. Facility managers should:
- Document the Damage: Take photos and detailed notes about the location and extent of the water intrusion. This documentation can be valuable for insurance claims and for tracking the progression of repairs.
- Communicate with Stakeholders: Keep building occupants, owners, and other stakeholders informed about the situation and the steps being taken to address it.
- Hire Qualified Professionals: In cases of significant water intrusion, it may be necessary to bring in professionals who specialize in water damage restoration, mold remediation, or structural repairs.
- Follow Up: After repairs have been made, conduct follow-up inspections to ensure that the issue has been fully resolved and that there are no lingering concerns.
GPRS Leak Detection Services Help Locate Causes of Water Intrusion
Water intrusion is a serious issue that can lead to extensive damage and costly repairs if not properly managed. For facility managers, early detection and prompt mitigation are key to protecting the integrity of the building and ensuring the safety of its occupants.
GPRS Leak Detection Services can help you locate the leaks causing water intrusion at your facility or campus.
Our water loss specialists have the equipment and expertise to locate your leak and provide insights into your water distribution system. GPRS utilizes a variety of industry-leading equipment and methods, including acoustic leak detectors, leak noise correlators, video pipe inspection, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and electromagnetic (EM) locating.
From skyscrapers to sewer lines, GPRS Intelligently Visualizes The Built World® to keep your projects on time, on budget, and safe.
What can we help you visualize?
Water & Sewer Damage Awareness Week Returns
GPRS aims to help municipalities, facility managers, and more enhance their water & wastewater infrastructure maintenance and protection planning. To that end, we are excited to announce that the second annual Water & Sewer Damage Awareness Week will run October 21-25, 2024.
During your free WSDAW presentation, your team will learn:
- Why your infrastructure is more vulnerable to damage than ever before
- The risks to your systems’ equipment posed by improper/infrequent maintenance
- How routine water loss surveys, and proactive water, sewer, and stormwater system maintenance plans eliminate service interruptions and maintain your entity’s reputation
- How to keep non-revenue water (NRW) loss from hurting your community and your bottom line
- How to mitigate the risks of cross bores
- And more!
Click here to sign up for your free WSDAW presentation today!
Frequently Asked Questions
How many miles of pipe can GPRS test each day?
The amount of pipe we can test often depends on the experience of the Leak Detector. Team members with many years of experience can test up to 10 miles of pipe a day on a metallic system (Cast Iron/Ductile). Experienced Leak Detectors can test a contact point (Hydrant/Valve) within a minute before moving on to the next one. Leak Detectors can work efficiently because they are trained to hear the specific tone that a leak produces compared to any other number of noises a general environment makes.
Why don’t I see any water at the location where you’ve pinpointed a leak?
Water finds the path of least resistance. Water can run through cracks in subsurface rock or make its way into storm, sanitary, and conduit piping. If the subsurface contains a high volume of sand, it will naturally flow farther down. There is no water visible on the surface in more than 99% of the leaks we locate.
