Just forty years ago, nobody would be able to imagine the technology we have today. While many people guessed we’d have flying cars, and magic microwaves that beam down our favorite foods right into our kitchens, nobody could guess what the future would actually hold. While many were right in assuming we’d have video chatting, smart homes, and seamless communication, technology has changed the way we do just about everything. One of these technologies is Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Originally focused on improving the accuracy and efficiency of water meter readings, AMI's potential extends far beyond its traditional use. By expanding the application of AMI, we can address many of the pressing challenges facing our water infrastructure today. These challenges include resource conservation, efficiency, and even customer engagement. What is AMI, how does it work, and how is it helping to transform the water infrastructure industry?
Understanding AMI
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) refers to the integrated system of smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems that enable two-way communication between utilities and customers. This infrastructure facilitates real-time data collection and analysis, offering a wealth of information that can be leveraged to improve water management practices. AMI provides countless benefits to water utilities. Along with AMI’s many benefits, it improves a utility’s ability to collect frequent and accurate water usage data to improve billing, leak detection, and water resource management.
Traditionally, AMI has been used to automate meter reading, reducing the need for manual readings and minimizing human error. This has resulted in more accurate billing and better detection of leaks. However, the capabilities of AMI extend far beyond these initial applications.
Just like all equipment, the water meters used by utilities have changed over time. Older technology required that utilities sent technicians to individual sites, such as homes or businesses, to physically read meters. But once the technology changed, meters that allowed for automated meter reading (AMR) became more prevalent and preferred. This provided some savings to utility companies, as meter readers could collect data in simpler ways. As an example, a technician would be able to collect data by driving their truck down a street and remotely getting data from meters nearby. This made it possible for utilities to reduce the staff time needed to read all meters and bill more frequently. Some argue that this also allowed for more accurate readings, reducing bills for some customers, while others argued that meters like this actually raised their bills.
Just as electricity providers replaced their meters, water utilities are striving to do the same. AMI meters provide for remote collection of water use data, in real time. This supports things like more frequent billing, and more importantly it allows a utility company to quickly identify excessive water use that could be the result of leaks. Leaks are a big problem worldwide. According to the U.S. EPA, the average family can waste 180 gallons of water per week, or 9,400 gallons of water annually, all from household leaks. That's enough water to wash more than 300 loads of laundry!
According to IBM, AMI can help utility companies collect a wide range of very important data, including indications of tampering, data collected at set intervals, details regarding power outages and even the quality of electricity supplied. It also offers specific advanced capabilities for endpoints used in electric metering.
Unlike traditional automatic meter reading, the two-way communication model that AMI offers enables more comprehensive data collection. This collection helps companies remotely manage the meter functionality. There are communication networks that serve as the main beat of the two-way communication between smart meters and the head of the AMI system. They can be either wireless or wired, depending on the system. These AMI networks carry data from the smart meters to the head-end system and back and forth, allowing utility companies to send commands to meters to do things like remotely disconnect, reconnect, or even complete firmware updates.
These networks can transmit usage information to water, gas and electric utilities by using mediums such as radio frequency signals, cell networks or broadband connections. They can also use power line communication (AMI meters transmit data over power lines).
The ability to remotely manage meters not only eliminates the need for manual meter readings, but it also enables faster response times in the event of a power outage, or some other issue. These types of meters are changing the way that we interact with utilities, but first we have to detect them. SiteMap® (patent pending), backed by GPRS, provides a platform for your most crucial data, such as your aggregated, annotated maps, your as-builts, your photos, and more. Anyone who orders a GPRS locate job automatically is given a complimentary basic SiteMap® account. SiteMap® is easy to use, and is available on your favorite device, from anywhere.
The Need for Modernizing Water Infrastructure
Water infrastructure in many parts of the world is aging and in dire need of upgrade. In the United States alone, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has given water infrastructure a grade of C- in its 2021 infrastructure report card, highlighting the urgent need for investment and modernization. The consequences of outdated infrastructure are significant, including frequent water main breaks, substantial water loss through leaks, and inefficient water use, among other serious issues.
With growing populations, climate change, and increasing demand for water resources, the pressure on existing infrastructure continues to spiral. There is a pressing need for innovative solutions to advance our water systems. This is where an expanded view of AMI comes into play.
When AMI is implemented, utilities are able to easily manage resources, and can even stop leaks before they become a big problem. This leads to savings all around, but can also help reduce water waste, among other waste.
AMI for Water Management
Leak Detection and Prevention
One of the most immediate and impactful applications of AMI is in leak detection and prevention. Water loss through leaks is a major issue for many utilities, with some systems losing up to 30% of their water supply.
The World Bank suggests that on average up to 25-30% of a utility's water is lost in the network as non-revenue water (NRW). Small leakages worldwide are estimated to cost $14 billion per year to utilities. This is not only an issue financially, but also for things like water conservation. Leaks are a pretty large problem for many countries. In the U.S., an estimated 2.1 trillion gallons of water are lost per year due to leaks. That’s the equivalent of tsunami, and it has nearly just as much potential to destroy a community.
Detecting water leaks is important, which is why GPRS recommends regular water loss surveys conducted by our leak detection services as a preventative measure. The more of your subsurface utilities you have mapped, the better you’ll be able to track their stability. By the time a leak becomes apparent, you’re already risking damage to your infrastructure and thousands of dollars in repairs and non-revenue water loss (NRW). Regular water loss surveys help you find leaks before they become emergencies. Routine check ups help:
- Assesses pressurized subsurface water systems
- Pinpoints and marks out any leaks detected
- Allows for planning, targeted repair, and maintenance with minimal excavation
Your GPRS Project Manager can accurately map any pressurized water system, fire loop, or sanitary and storm sewer systems, and other utilities if needed, and provide you with a complimentary PDF and .KMZ file, along with your Leak Detection Report, delivered via SiteMap®. Every GPRS customer receives a complimentary SiteMap® Personal subscription as part of their package.
AMI systems are a fantastic resource, especially when used in conjunction with subsurface utility mapping and regular water loss surveys. AMI systems, with their real-time monitoring capabilities, can quickly identify anomalies in water usage that may indicate leaks. By analyzing data patterns, utilities can pinpoint the location of leaks with high accuracy, allowing for prompt repairs. This not only conserves water but also reduces the costs associated with lost water and infrastructure damage.
Demand Management and Conservation
AMI can play quite the important role in managing water demand. It also helps with promoting conservation efforts. By providing detailed data points on water usage patterns, utility managers can implement targeted conservation programs. For example, during extended periods of drought utilities can use AMI system data to identify areas with high water usage and encourage or enforce conservation measures. Similar actions have taken place in California, where drought is often experienced, and is dangerous.
AMI also enables the implementation of things like tiered pricing structures, these pricing structures can help to incentivize water conservation. Customers can be charged different rates based on their usage levels, encouraging more efficient water use. Electricity providers such as DTE in Michigan have implemented a similar program, with different rates being charged during the day. Real-time feedback through AMI-enabled devices can also empower consumers to monitor and adjust their water consumption, leading to more sustainable practices.
Enhanced Operational Efficiency
Operational efficiency is a crucial aspect of modernizing water infrastructure. AMI can significantly enhance the efficiency of water distribution systems by providing utilities with a comprehensive view of their operations. Real-time data on water flow, pressure, and quality allows for proactive management of the system.
For instance, utilities can optimize pump operations to reduce energy consumption and extend the lifespan of equipment. By monitoring pressure levels, they can identify and address issues before they escalate into major problems. AMI also facilitates predictive maintenance, enabling utilities to schedule repairs and replacements based on actual usage and wear, rather than relying on fixed schedules. This helps adjust to a variety of factors, and unlike traditional methods, changes can be made to foster conservation across the board. Smart metering capabilities like AMI meters are made better by accurate utility mapping. Such metering isn’t possible without the identification of utilities, how they run, and where they run. Sometimes, these systems should only be installed after replacements to utility lines are made to ensure safety and functionality. GPRS helps make these advancements a reality with 99.8% accurate utility locating services.
Improved Water Quality Monitoring
Ensuring water quality is a top priority for utilities. Contaminants and pollutants can enter the water supply through various sources, posing serious health risks to consumers. Traditional water quality monitoring methods often involve periodic sampling and laboratory analysis, which can delay the detection of issues.
AMI can revolutionize water quality monitoring by providing continuous, real-time data on water conditions. Smart sensors integrated into the AMI network can detect changes in water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, and the presence of harmful substances. Utilities can quickly respond to any anomalies, minimizing the risk of contamination and ensuring the safety of the water supply. However, this shouldn’t be taken as the ultimate solution, and a fine system of checks and balances that also return to traditional methods of testing should be used to ensure the most accurate monitoring.
Customer Engagement and Transparency
Customer engagement is a crucial element in the successful implementation of water management strategies. AMI provides a platform for greater transparency and communication between utilities and customers. Through user-friendly interfaces and mobile applications, consumers can access real-time information about their water usage, billing, and conservation efforts. Some platforms even allow customers to pay for their water bills in increments, seeing their daily usage, and opting to pay for it that day. Some customers may find this system easier to pay for and manage. It also allows customers to have a clear image of their usage, allowing them to adjust their habits and make changes accordingly.
This transparency builds trust and encourages consumers to take an active role in water conservation. Utilities can also use AMI data to educate customers about efficient water use practices and the impact of their consumption on the overall system. By using a collaborative approach, utilities and customers can work together to achieve sustainable water management goals.
Case Studies and Success Stories
Several utilities around the world have already begun to harness the power of AMI to transform their water infrastructure. These case studies provide valuable insights into the potential of AMI and serve as models for other utilities considering similar initiatives.
Singapore's Smart Water Grid
Singapore has long been a leader in water management, and its adoption of a smart water grid is evidence of its commitment to innovation. The Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore has implemented an extensive AMI network and smart grid that covers the entire island. This system provides real-time data on water usage, pressure, and quality, enabling proactive management and rapid response to issues.
Through its smart water grid, Singapore has achieved significant reductions in water loss, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced customer satisfaction. The success of this initiative highlights the potential of AMI to drive transformative change in water infrastructure.
City of Houston's WaterSmart Program
The City of Houston, Texas, has implemented the WaterSmart program, using smart systems like AMI to promote water conservation and improve customer engagement. The program provides customers with real-time access to their water usage data through a user-friendly portal. Customers receive alerts about potential leaks and personalized recommendations for reducing water consumption.
Since its launch, the WaterSmart program has achieved impressive results, including a substantial decrease in water usage and heightened awareness about water conservation. By empowering customers with data and insights, Houston has created a culture of sustainable water use. There is even a drought data visualization tool powered by this program, allowing users to learn more thanks to the data collected.
Since January 2021, Reclamation has selected 666 projects to be funded with $292.6 million in WaterSMART funding, in conjunction with $2.2 billion in non-Federal funding, across the western states.
The Future of Water Infrastructure with AMI
We will continue to grapple with water scarcity, climate change, and aging infrastructure. Our need for innovative solutions becomes increasingly urgent, with too few innovations yearly to match this need. However, AMI represents a powerful tool that can help to address some of these challenges and pave the way for change.
The potential of AMI extends far beyond its initial applications. By embracing technologies like AMI, utilities can unlock new possibilities for leak detection, demand management, operational efficiency, water quality monitoring, and customer engagement. However, realizing this potential requires overcoming challenges and also requires proper utility mapping to take place first. There are miles upon miles of falsely mapped infrastructure, most of which is in desperate need of complete overhaul.
SiteMap® helps project managers, conservationists, and other professionals to visualize the utilities all around them, whether below or above ground. Once properly located, these utilities can be replaced, an/or have smart technologies like AMI installed. From there, routine locating and mapping from a service like what GPRS provides, in conjunction with AMI and other tech can help completely change our current infrastructure for the better.
Through collaboration, investment, and a commitment to innovation, society and those who map it can utilize the power of AMI to essentially completely transform water infrastructure and ensure the sustainable management of this precious resource for generations to come. As we move forward, we will need to utilize as much technology as possible to help change the way we look at and interact with our utilities. If we want a rush of change, we’ll have to open the faucet.
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